Jan Dyer

For years, people living and working at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, N.C., drank and showered in water contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other industrial solvents. Now, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study has determined that the exposure markedly increased their risk for certain cancers.

In one of the largest cohort cancer incidence studies ever completed in the US, researchers compared cancer risk between 161,315 military personnel and civilian workers at Camp Lejeune and 169,281 military personnel and civilian workers at Camp Pendleton in Oceanside, Calif., where the water was not contaminated.

Data from diagnoses between 1996 and 2017 documented 12,083 cancers among Camp Lejeune Marine and Navy personnel and 1,563 among civilian workers. By comparison, 12,144 cancers were documented among Camp Pendleton personnel and 1,372 among civilian workers. However, personnel stationed at Camp Lejeune between 1975 and 1985 had at least a 20% higher risk for all myeloid cancers including polycythemia vera, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes, and cancers of the esophagus, larynx, soft tissue, and thyroid. Civilian workers had a higher risk for all myeloid cancers, squamous cell lung cancer, and female ductal breast cancer.

The water exposures included contributions to total internal body dose from 3 routes: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal. The researchers note that a Marine in training may consume as much as 6 liters a day of drinking water, but the combined dose from inhalation and dermal routes could be as high or higher than that from ingestion. For example, they note that an internal dose via inhalation to TCE during a 10-minute shower could equal the internal dose via ingestion of 2 liters of contaminated drinking water.

Health risks at Camp Lejeune have been studied before, but this study “more fully establishes the scope,” Richard Clapp, a Boston University emeritus public health professor, told the Associated Press.

For years, people living and working at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, N.C., drank and showered in water contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other industrial solvents. Now, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study has determined that the exposure markedly increased their risk for certain cancers.

In one of the largest cohort cancer incidence studies ever completed in the US, researchers compared cancer risk between 161,315 military personnel and civilian workers at Camp Lejeune and 169,281 military personnel and civilian workers at Camp Pendleton in Oceanside, Calif., where the water was not contaminated.

Data from diagnoses between 1996 and 2017 documented 12,083 cancers among Camp Lejeune Marine and Navy personnel and 1,563 among civilian workers. By comparison, 12,144 cancers were documented among Camp Pendleton personnel and 1,372 among civilian workers. However, personnel stationed at Camp Lejeune between 1975 and 1985 had at least a 20% higher risk for all myeloid cancers including polycythemia vera, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes, and cancers of the esophagus, larynx, soft tissue, and thyroid. Civilian workers had a higher risk for all myeloid cancers, squamous cell lung cancer, and female ductal breast cancer.

The water exposures included contributions to total internal body dose from 3 routes: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal. The researchers note that a Marine in training may consume as much as 6 liters a day of drinking water, but the combined dose from inhalation and dermal routes could be as high or higher than that from ingestion. For example, they note that an internal dose via inhalation to TCE during a 10-minute shower could equal the internal dose via ingestion of 2 liters of contaminated drinking water.

Health risks at Camp Lejeune have been studied before, but this study “more fully establishes the scope,” Richard Clapp, a Boston University emeritus public health professor, told the Associated Press.

For years, people living and working at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, N.C., drank and showered in water contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and other industrial solvents. Now, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study has determined that the exposure markedly increased their risk for certain cancers.

In one of the largest cohort cancer incidence studies ever completed in the US, researchers compared cancer risk between 161,315 military personnel and civilian workers at Camp Lejeune and 169,281 military personnel and civilian workers at Camp Pendleton in Oceanside, Calif., where the water was not contaminated.

Data from diagnoses between 1996 and 2017 documented 12,083 cancers among Camp Lejeune Marine and Navy personnel and 1,563 among civilian workers. By comparison, 12,144 cancers were documented among Camp Pendleton personnel and 1,372 among civilian workers. However, personnel stationed at Camp Lejeune between 1975 and 1985 had at least a 20% higher risk for all myeloid cancers including polycythemia vera, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes, and cancers of the esophagus, larynx, soft tissue, and thyroid. Civilian workers had a higher risk for all myeloid cancers, squamous cell lung cancer, and female ductal breast cancer.

The water exposures included contributions to total internal body dose from 3 routes: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal. The researchers note that a Marine in training may consume as much as 6 liters a day of drinking water, but the combined dose from inhalation and dermal routes could be as high or higher than that from ingestion. For example, they note that an internal dose via inhalation to TCE during a 10-minute shower could equal the internal dose via ingestion of 2 liters of contaminated drinking water.

Health risks at Camp Lejeune have been studied before, but this study “more fully establishes the scope,” Richard Clapp, a Boston University emeritus public health professor, told the Associated Press.

Oneirogens are substances that produce or enhance dreamlike states of consciousness—could one of those, ibogaine, be key to relieving the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans?

An extract from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga, an African shrub, ibogaine has both pharmacological and psychological effects. Acting on opioid receptors and the serotonin and dopamine systems, it can relieve withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug cravings—reportedly, often, in just a few hours—and reduce the risk of regular use. The results can last for weeks, months, or sometimes longer.

In the US, ibogaine is a Schedule I drug. Few controlled studies of ibogaine are available; most data come from anecdotal reports and case studies. Clinical research into ibogaine stalled due to legal restrictions that come with a Schedule I drug, as well as concerns about possible cardiac consequences. For example, some reports have described QT interval prolongation, with instances of subsequent fatal arrhythmia.  

That may change now, with findings from the Magnesium–Ibogaine: the Stanford Traumatic Injury to the CNS protocol (MISTIC), which took place at a treatment center in Mexico. Researchers from Stanford School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System combined prophylactic intravenous magnesium with ibogaine, in hopes of mitigating the cardiac risks. Magnesium supplementation has been shown to protect against QT interval prolongation when coadministered with medications that ordinarily would have such an effect.

The researchers studied 30 male Special Operations Forces veterans (SOVs) who had predominantly mild TBI. Of those, 15 participants met the criteria for major depressive disorder, 14 for an anxiety disorder, and 23 for PTSD; 19 had past suicidal ideation and 7 had attempted suicide.

Special Operations Forces, the researchers note, are “deployed at a greater pace and to higher intensity combat than conventional military, exposing them to greater allostatic load and risk of injury, including from blast exposure.” This, they say, may result in a “unique pattern” of physical, cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric, and endocrine-related problems across several domains.

Participants received a mean (SD) of 12.1 (1.2) mg kg^-1 of oral ibogaine. The researchers assessed changes in the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule at baseline, immediately after treatment, and 1 month after treatment. They also assessed changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.

The treatment significantly improved functioning both immediately and at 1 month after treatment and PTSD, depression, and anxiety at 1 month after treatment. There were no unexpected or serious treatment-emergent adverse effects, nor were there instances of bradycardia, tachycardia, clinically meaningful QT prolongation, or hemodynamic instability. All participants experienced transient cerebellar signs, such as mild ataxia and intention tremor, that resolved within 24 hours. While experiencing oneirogenic effects, 12 participants were treated for headache, 7 for nausea, 3 for anxiety, 2 for hypertension, and 1 for insomnia. 

At 1 month, suicidal ideation had declined from 47% to 7%—a statistically significant change. “Given the alarming rates of suicide in veterans, as well as evidence that military-related TBI increases the risk of suicide,” the researchers say, “the substantial reduction in SI that we observed—which must be interpreted cautiously as an exploratory analysis—is noteworthy.” TBI also is associated with increased impulsivity, a well-known risk factor for suicide, they note. MISTIC resulted in a measurable improvement in cognitive inhibition.

Results of a neuropsychological battery indicated statistically significant improvements in processing speed and executive functioning (including inhibition, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, phonemic fluency, and working memory), both immediately after treatment and at 1 month. No declines were noted across any performance domain.

Interestingly, mean performances on these tests moved from the average to the high average score range relative to same-age peers and, in all but one instance, phonemic fluency was high average at baseline and improved to the superior range relative to same-age peers at the 1-month follow-up. Learning and memory tests showed a significant improvement in visual memory and verbal memory. Sustained attention showed a significant improvement in accuracy (detection) and a weak but significant slowing of reaction time, consistent with a prioritization of accuracy over speed and reduced impulsivity.

In a Scientific American article, lead researcher Nolan Williams said he suspects the powerful effects of psychedelics have to do with their “profound ability to increase plasticity in the brain” by “bringing it back to a more juvenile state where reorganization can occur.” People often experience a life review that appears in their minds almost like a slideshow. “It somehow drives a particular sort of psychological phenomenon that you don’t achieve through guidance,” Williams said.

The data from the MISTIC trial in Mexico may spur more research in the US. The National Defense Authorization Act, signed by President Joe Biden last December, authorizes service members diagnosed with PTSD or TBI to take part in clinical studies of any “qualified plant-based alternative therapies.”

“It’s all really timely,” Williams said. “From my perspective, we should have some traction to make a strong argument that the risk-benefit is right.”

Oneirogens are substances that produce or enhance dreamlike states of consciousness—could one of those, ibogaine, be key to relieving the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans?

An extract from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga, an African shrub, ibogaine has both pharmacological and psychological effects. Acting on opioid receptors and the serotonin and dopamine systems, it can relieve withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug cravings—reportedly, often, in just a few hours—and reduce the risk of regular use. The results can last for weeks, months, or sometimes longer.

In the US, ibogaine is a Schedule I drug. Few controlled studies of ibogaine are available; most data come from anecdotal reports and case studies. Clinical research into ibogaine stalled due to legal restrictions that come with a Schedule I drug, as well as concerns about possible cardiac consequences. For example, some reports have described QT interval prolongation, with instances of subsequent fatal arrhythmia.  

That may change now, with findings from the Magnesium–Ibogaine: the Stanford Traumatic Injury to the CNS protocol (MISTIC), which took place at a treatment center in Mexico. Researchers from Stanford School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System combined prophylactic intravenous magnesium with ibogaine, in hopes of mitigating the cardiac risks. Magnesium supplementation has been shown to protect against QT interval prolongation when coadministered with medications that ordinarily would have such an effect.

The researchers studied 30 male Special Operations Forces veterans (SOVs) who had predominantly mild TBI. Of those, 15 participants met the criteria for major depressive disorder, 14 for an anxiety disorder, and 23 for PTSD; 19 had past suicidal ideation and 7 had attempted suicide.

Special Operations Forces, the researchers note, are “deployed at a greater pace and to higher intensity combat than conventional military, exposing them to greater allostatic load and risk of injury, including from blast exposure.” This, they say, may result in a “unique pattern” of physical, cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric, and endocrine-related problems across several domains.

Participants received a mean (SD) of 12.1 (1.2) mg kg^-1 of oral ibogaine. The researchers assessed changes in the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule at baseline, immediately after treatment, and 1 month after treatment. They also assessed changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.

The treatment significantly improved functioning both immediately and at 1 month after treatment and PTSD, depression, and anxiety at 1 month after treatment. There were no unexpected or serious treatment-emergent adverse effects, nor were there instances of bradycardia, tachycardia, clinically meaningful QT prolongation, or hemodynamic instability. All participants experienced transient cerebellar signs, such as mild ataxia and intention tremor, that resolved within 24 hours. While experiencing oneirogenic effects, 12 participants were treated for headache, 7 for nausea, 3 for anxiety, 2 for hypertension, and 1 for insomnia. 

At 1 month, suicidal ideation had declined from 47% to 7%—a statistically significant change. “Given the alarming rates of suicide in veterans, as well as evidence that military-related TBI increases the risk of suicide,” the researchers say, “the substantial reduction in SI that we observed—which must be interpreted cautiously as an exploratory analysis—is noteworthy.” TBI also is associated with increased impulsivity, a well-known risk factor for suicide, they note. MISTIC resulted in a measurable improvement in cognitive inhibition.

Results of a neuropsychological battery indicated statistically significant improvements in processing speed and executive functioning (including inhibition, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, phonemic fluency, and working memory), both immediately after treatment and at 1 month. No declines were noted across any performance domain.

Interestingly, mean performances on these tests moved from the average to the high average score range relative to same-age peers and, in all but one instance, phonemic fluency was high average at baseline and improved to the superior range relative to same-age peers at the 1-month follow-up. Learning and memory tests showed a significant improvement in visual memory and verbal memory. Sustained attention showed a significant improvement in accuracy (detection) and a weak but significant slowing of reaction time, consistent with a prioritization of accuracy over speed and reduced impulsivity.

In a Scientific American article, lead researcher Nolan Williams said he suspects the powerful effects of psychedelics have to do with their “profound ability to increase plasticity in the brain” by “bringing it back to a more juvenile state where reorganization can occur.” People often experience a life review that appears in their minds almost like a slideshow. “It somehow drives a particular sort of psychological phenomenon that you don’t achieve through guidance,” Williams said.

The data from the MISTIC trial in Mexico may spur more research in the US. The National Defense Authorization Act, signed by President Joe Biden last December, authorizes service members diagnosed with PTSD or TBI to take part in clinical studies of any “qualified plant-based alternative therapies.”

“It’s all really timely,” Williams said. “From my perspective, we should have some traction to make a strong argument that the risk-benefit is right.”

Oneirogens are substances that produce or enhance dreamlike states of consciousness—could one of those, ibogaine, be key to relieving the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans?

An extract from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga, an African shrub, ibogaine has both pharmacological and psychological effects. Acting on opioid receptors and the serotonin and dopamine systems, it can relieve withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug cravings—reportedly, often, in just a few hours—and reduce the risk of regular use. The results can last for weeks, months, or sometimes longer.

In the US, ibogaine is a Schedule I drug. Few controlled studies of ibogaine are available; most data come from anecdotal reports and case studies. Clinical research into ibogaine stalled due to legal restrictions that come with a Schedule I drug, as well as concerns about possible cardiac consequences. For example, some reports have described QT interval prolongation, with instances of subsequent fatal arrhythmia.  

That may change now, with findings from the Magnesium–Ibogaine: the Stanford Traumatic Injury to the CNS protocol (MISTIC), which took place at a treatment center in Mexico. Researchers from Stanford School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System combined prophylactic intravenous magnesium with ibogaine, in hopes of mitigating the cardiac risks. Magnesium supplementation has been shown to protect against QT interval prolongation when coadministered with medications that ordinarily would have such an effect.

The researchers studied 30 male Special Operations Forces veterans (SOVs) who had predominantly mild TBI. Of those, 15 participants met the criteria for major depressive disorder, 14 for an anxiety disorder, and 23 for PTSD; 19 had past suicidal ideation and 7 had attempted suicide.

Special Operations Forces, the researchers note, are “deployed at a greater pace and to higher intensity combat than conventional military, exposing them to greater allostatic load and risk of injury, including from blast exposure.” This, they say, may result in a “unique pattern” of physical, cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric, and endocrine-related problems across several domains.

Participants received a mean (SD) of 12.1 (1.2) mg kg^-1 of oral ibogaine. The researchers assessed changes in the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule at baseline, immediately after treatment, and 1 month after treatment. They also assessed changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.

The treatment significantly improved functioning both immediately and at 1 month after treatment and PTSD, depression, and anxiety at 1 month after treatment. There were no unexpected or serious treatment-emergent adverse effects, nor were there instances of bradycardia, tachycardia, clinically meaningful QT prolongation, or hemodynamic instability. All participants experienced transient cerebellar signs, such as mild ataxia and intention tremor, that resolved within 24 hours. While experiencing oneirogenic effects, 12 participants were treated for headache, 7 for nausea, 3 for anxiety, 2 for hypertension, and 1 for insomnia. 

At 1 month, suicidal ideation had declined from 47% to 7%—a statistically significant change. “Given the alarming rates of suicide in veterans, as well as evidence that military-related TBI increases the risk of suicide,” the researchers say, “the substantial reduction in SI that we observed—which must be interpreted cautiously as an exploratory analysis—is noteworthy.” TBI also is associated with increased impulsivity, a well-known risk factor for suicide, they note. MISTIC resulted in a measurable improvement in cognitive inhibition.

Results of a neuropsychological battery indicated statistically significant improvements in processing speed and executive functioning (including inhibition, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, phonemic fluency, and working memory), both immediately after treatment and at 1 month. No declines were noted across any performance domain.

Interestingly, mean performances on these tests moved from the average to the high average score range relative to same-age peers and, in all but one instance, phonemic fluency was high average at baseline and improved to the superior range relative to same-age peers at the 1-month follow-up. Learning and memory tests showed a significant improvement in visual memory and verbal memory. Sustained attention showed a significant improvement in accuracy (detection) and a weak but significant slowing of reaction time, consistent with a prioritization of accuracy over speed and reduced impulsivity.

In a Scientific American article, lead researcher Nolan Williams said he suspects the powerful effects of psychedelics have to do with their “profound ability to increase plasticity in the brain” by “bringing it back to a more juvenile state where reorganization can occur.” People often experience a life review that appears in their minds almost like a slideshow. “It somehow drives a particular sort of psychological phenomenon that you don’t achieve through guidance,” Williams said.

The data from the MISTIC trial in Mexico may spur more research in the US. The National Defense Authorization Act, signed by President Joe Biden last December, authorizes service members diagnosed with PTSD or TBI to take part in clinical studies of any “qualified plant-based alternative therapies.”

“It’s all really timely,” Williams said. “From my perspective, we should have some traction to make a strong argument that the risk-benefit is right.”

America was already facing a critical health care workforce shortage before the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem. The American Medical Association (AMA) projects that there will be a national shortage of up to 48,000 primary care physicians and 77,100 non-primary care physicians by 2034.

The dearth is particularly striking among physicians who practice in rural areas and those who are Native American. As of 2021, fewer than 3000 physicians—of 841,322—identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, according to the latest statistics from the Physician Specialty Data Report, published by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

The lack of Native American physicians is “nothing new, it’s been going on for decades,” says Mary Owen (Tlingit), MD, director of the Center of American Indian and Minority Health and associate dean of Native American Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School, speaking in a Native America Calling podcast in October.

“These numbers are… actually lessening—and we had paltry numbers to begin with,” said Owen. “It doesn’t take a genius to look back and figure out where it’s from. We don’t have enough students coming through the pathways in the first place. For instance, our high school graduation rate in this country is easily 10 points below that of non-Natives. In Duluth, Minnesota, the high school graduation rate is only 43%… We have to recognize that this is an area we have to work on.”

Senators Tim Kaine (D-VA) and Alex Padilla (D-CA) have introduced the Expanding Medical Education Act, legislation to get more students from underrepresented groups into the physician pipeline. The bill would provide grants through the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) for colleges and universities to establish or expand allopathic (MD-granting) or osteopathic (DO-granting) medical schools in underserved areas or at institutions for underrepresented populations, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).

Addressing Rural Needs

However, projections on the growth of health care professions show that supply will not meet demand over the next 10 years. The shortage is more dire in rural areas. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), since 2010, more than 150 rural hospitals have either closed their doors entirely or stopped providing inpatient hospital services. Often, rural communities have fewer local HCPs available.

More than half (54%) of American Indian or Alaska Native people live in rural and small-town areas, and 68% live on or near their tribal homelands, according to the nonprofit First Nations Development Institute. Many live far—even hours—away from the nearest health care facility. But according to Population Health in Rural America in 2020: Proceedings of a Workshop, only 10% of primary care practitioners and < 7% of specialty care practitioners live in rural areas. About 5% of rural counties do not have any family physicians. What’s more, language and culture differ among the nearly 600 tribes across the country. The Indian Health Council, for instance, counts 9 individual reservations and tribes within a 5-mile radius in San Diego County, “all of which have their own unique customs,” which contribute to the “level of care they deem appropriate.”

“If you’re a rural impoverished community, it’s hard to recruit doctors. We’re more likely to return to our communities,” said Donald K. Warne (Oglala Lakota), MD, MPH, Associate Dean for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, during the 2019 American Indian or Alaska Native Physicians Summit, which was cosponsored by the AMA, Association of American Indian Physicians (AAIP), and the AAMC.

“Communities of color and those living in rural and underserved areas have long faced significant barriers to health care, including a lack of providers that look like them or practice close by,” said Senator Kaine in a statement. “Since research shows that physicians are more likely to practice in the areas they’re from, supporting medical schools at minority-serving institutions and HBCUs in underserved areas can help improve care in those communities.”

Where Are the Native Medical Students?

Only 9% of medical schools have more than 4 American Indian or Alaska Native students; 43% have none, says Siobhan M. Wescott, MD, MPH, chair of the AMA Minority Affairs Section (MAS), and an assistant professor at the University of North Dakota. Dr. Wescott, who hosted the AMA co-sponsored summit on behalf of the AMA-MAS, is an Alaska Native and 1 of only 3 physicians from her tribe. The AAMC has also found that less than half of MD-granting medical schools in the US have enrolled more than 5 Native students.

Among other things, the Expanding Medical Education Act would prioritize grants to institutions of higher education that propose to use the funds to establish a medical school or branch campus in an area in which no other such school is based and is a medically underserved community or “health professional shortage” area. Eligible uses for the grants include hiring diverse faculty and other staff, and recruiting students from underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities, students from rural and underserved areas, low-income students, and first-generation college students.

The legislation has been endorsed by the AAMC, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Association of American Indian Physicians, Association of Clinicians for the Underserved, National Hispanic Medical Association, Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science, and Ochsner Health.

Funding Is Key

Federal agencies are investing in funding and training. Medicare is allocating 1000 new training slots for medical residents, prioritizing rural and underserved areas. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is offering another 200 slots, at least 100 of which are specifically for psychiatry residencies in 2026. HHS awarded more than $11 million through the Rural Residency Planning and Development Program (RRPD) to help establish new rural residency programs. Accredited RRPD-funded programs are already training more than 300 resident physicians in family medicine, internal medicine, psychiatry, and general surgery. HRSA published an opportunity for $5 million in FY 2024 to develop and implement clinical rotations for physician assistant students in rural areas that will integrate behavioral health with primary care services.

The Biden-Harris Administration has already taken several steps to improve access to health care for the more than 60 million people who live in rural areas, including: building on the Affordable Care Act and Inflation Reduction Act to increase access to affordable health coverage and care for those living in rural communities; keeping more rural hospitals open to provide critical services in their communities; and bolstering the rural health workforce, including for primary care and behavioral HCPs.

The administration also has funded small rural hospitals and Medicare-certified Rural Health Clinics. Critical access hospitals and small hospitals in rural areas have a new option: to convert to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH), a new Medicare provider type. CMS has changed the payment method for Tribal and Indian Health Services–operated REHs, to address certain barriers that may have discouraged Tribal and Indian Health Service (IHS)–operated hospitals from converting to REHs. Beginning in FY 2022, HHS, through HRSA, dedicated $5 million to provide technical assistance to rural hospitals that are considering converting to the REH designation.

HHS also has several grant opportunities to support rural communities, including $28 million to provide direct health services and expand infrastructure and $16 million to provide technical assistance to rural hospitals facing financial distress. This year, 60 rural hospitals will receive technical assistance to maintain financial viability and ensure continued access to care.

The HRSA National Health Service Corps Rural Community Loan Repayment Program has invested $80 million to support substance use disorder treatment, assist in recovery, and prevent overdose deaths. Medicare will also cover opioid use disorder treatment services delivered by mobile units of registered opioid treatment programs, which can now be accessed via telehealth or audio-only communications.

Curricula Also Lack Native Diversity

As of 2017, only 11% of MD-granting schools in the US say they have included Native American health content in their curricula. Dr. Owen notes some of the challenges indigenous students face: They are in a crowd that is primarily non-Native, far from their own family and community; unlike White students, they usually do not have mentors; they may not have the wherewithal to continue school and graduate.

A 2022 study of the association of sociodemographic characteristics with US medical student attrition, published in JAMA Internal Medicine, found that American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander students were more than 4 times as likely to drop out compared with White students. More than 10% of Indigenous medical students don’t graduate—the highest of any group the researchers examined.

In 1973 the University of North Dakota, for instance, launched Indians Into Medicine (INMED), a program that has since recruited, supported, and trained 250 American Indian doctors, and, in 2019, the country’s first PhD program in indigenous health. Dr. Warne, the director of INMED, calls it “by far, the most successful indigenous medical training program in the world,” having helped 228 American Indians and Alaska Natives graduate since its inception. A new cohort of 6 students has just enrolled.

Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) received $800,000 in federal funding for its Future Leaders in Indigenous Health (FLIGHT) project, managed through OHSU’s Northwest Native American Center of Excellence (NNACoE). In 2012, just 8 Native students were enrolled in the OHSU School of Medicine; a decade later, there were 29. In 2022, the newest medical class included 12 American Indian or Alaska Native students. According to the school, it is believed to be the largest group of Natives in any single US medical school MD class in history. The number of Native faculty in the OHSU School of Medicine grew from 7 in 2014 to 13 in 2022.

America was already facing a critical health care workforce shortage before the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem. The American Medical Association (AMA) projects that there will be a national shortage of up to 48,000 primary care physicians and 77,100 non-primary care physicians by 2034.

The dearth is particularly striking among physicians who practice in rural areas and those who are Native American. As of 2021, fewer than 3000 physicians—of 841,322—identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, according to the latest statistics from the Physician Specialty Data Report, published by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

The lack of Native American physicians is “nothing new, it’s been going on for decades,” says Mary Owen (Tlingit), MD, director of the Center of American Indian and Minority Health and associate dean of Native American Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School, speaking in a Native America Calling podcast in October.

“These numbers are… actually lessening—and we had paltry numbers to begin with,” said Owen. “It doesn’t take a genius to look back and figure out where it’s from. We don’t have enough students coming through the pathways in the first place. For instance, our high school graduation rate in this country is easily 10 points below that of non-Natives. In Duluth, Minnesota, the high school graduation rate is only 43%… We have to recognize that this is an area we have to work on.”

Senators Tim Kaine (D-VA) and Alex Padilla (D-CA) have introduced the Expanding Medical Education Act, legislation to get more students from underrepresented groups into the physician pipeline. The bill would provide grants through the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) for colleges and universities to establish or expand allopathic (MD-granting) or osteopathic (DO-granting) medical schools in underserved areas or at institutions for underrepresented populations, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).

Addressing Rural Needs

However, projections on the growth of health care professions show that supply will not meet demand over the next 10 years. The shortage is more dire in rural areas. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), since 2010, more than 150 rural hospitals have either closed their doors entirely or stopped providing inpatient hospital services. Often, rural communities have fewer local HCPs available.

More than half (54%) of American Indian or Alaska Native people live in rural and small-town areas, and 68% live on or near their tribal homelands, according to the nonprofit First Nations Development Institute. Many live far—even hours—away from the nearest health care facility. But according to Population Health in Rural America in 2020: Proceedings of a Workshop, only 10% of primary care practitioners and < 7% of specialty care practitioners live in rural areas. About 5% of rural counties do not have any family physicians. What’s more, language and culture differ among the nearly 600 tribes across the country. The Indian Health Council, for instance, counts 9 individual reservations and tribes within a 5-mile radius in San Diego County, “all of which have their own unique customs,” which contribute to the “level of care they deem appropriate.”

“If you’re a rural impoverished community, it’s hard to recruit doctors. We’re more likely to return to our communities,” said Donald K. Warne (Oglala Lakota), MD, MPH, Associate Dean for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, during the 2019 American Indian or Alaska Native Physicians Summit, which was cosponsored by the AMA, Association of American Indian Physicians (AAIP), and the AAMC.

“Communities of color and those living in rural and underserved areas have long faced significant barriers to health care, including a lack of providers that look like them or practice close by,” said Senator Kaine in a statement. “Since research shows that physicians are more likely to practice in the areas they’re from, supporting medical schools at minority-serving institutions and HBCUs in underserved areas can help improve care in those communities.”

Where Are the Native Medical Students?

Only 9% of medical schools have more than 4 American Indian or Alaska Native students; 43% have none, says Siobhan M. Wescott, MD, MPH, chair of the AMA Minority Affairs Section (MAS), and an assistant professor at the University of North Dakota. Dr. Wescott, who hosted the AMA co-sponsored summit on behalf of the AMA-MAS, is an Alaska Native and 1 of only 3 physicians from her tribe. The AAMC has also found that less than half of MD-granting medical schools in the US have enrolled more than 5 Native students.

Among other things, the Expanding Medical Education Act would prioritize grants to institutions of higher education that propose to use the funds to establish a medical school or branch campus in an area in which no other such school is based and is a medically underserved community or “health professional shortage” area. Eligible uses for the grants include hiring diverse faculty and other staff, and recruiting students from underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities, students from rural and underserved areas, low-income students, and first-generation college students.

The legislation has been endorsed by the AAMC, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Association of American Indian Physicians, Association of Clinicians for the Underserved, National Hispanic Medical Association, Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science, and Ochsner Health.

Funding Is Key

Federal agencies are investing in funding and training. Medicare is allocating 1000 new training slots for medical residents, prioritizing rural and underserved areas. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is offering another 200 slots, at least 100 of which are specifically for psychiatry residencies in 2026. HHS awarded more than $11 million through the Rural Residency Planning and Development Program (RRPD) to help establish new rural residency programs. Accredited RRPD-funded programs are already training more than 300 resident physicians in family medicine, internal medicine, psychiatry, and general surgery. HRSA published an opportunity for $5 million in FY 2024 to develop and implement clinical rotations for physician assistant students in rural areas that will integrate behavioral health with primary care services.

The Biden-Harris Administration has already taken several steps to improve access to health care for the more than 60 million people who live in rural areas, including: building on the Affordable Care Act and Inflation Reduction Act to increase access to affordable health coverage and care for those living in rural communities; keeping more rural hospitals open to provide critical services in their communities; and bolstering the rural health workforce, including for primary care and behavioral HCPs.

The administration also has funded small rural hospitals and Medicare-certified Rural Health Clinics. Critical access hospitals and small hospitals in rural areas have a new option: to convert to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH), a new Medicare provider type. CMS has changed the payment method for Tribal and Indian Health Services–operated REHs, to address certain barriers that may have discouraged Tribal and Indian Health Service (IHS)–operated hospitals from converting to REHs. Beginning in FY 2022, HHS, through HRSA, dedicated $5 million to provide technical assistance to rural hospitals that are considering converting to the REH designation.

HHS also has several grant opportunities to support rural communities, including $28 million to provide direct health services and expand infrastructure and $16 million to provide technical assistance to rural hospitals facing financial distress. This year, 60 rural hospitals will receive technical assistance to maintain financial viability and ensure continued access to care.

The HRSA National Health Service Corps Rural Community Loan Repayment Program has invested $80 million to support substance use disorder treatment, assist in recovery, and prevent overdose deaths. Medicare will also cover opioid use disorder treatment services delivered by mobile units of registered opioid treatment programs, which can now be accessed via telehealth or audio-only communications.

Curricula Also Lack Native Diversity

As of 2017, only 11% of MD-granting schools in the US say they have included Native American health content in their curricula. Dr. Owen notes some of the challenges indigenous students face: They are in a crowd that is primarily non-Native, far from their own family and community; unlike White students, they usually do not have mentors; they may not have the wherewithal to continue school and graduate.

A 2022 study of the association of sociodemographic characteristics with US medical student attrition, published in JAMA Internal Medicine, found that American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander students were more than 4 times as likely to drop out compared with White students. More than 10% of Indigenous medical students don’t graduate—the highest of any group the researchers examined.

In 1973 the University of North Dakota, for instance, launched Indians Into Medicine (INMED), a program that has since recruited, supported, and trained 250 American Indian doctors, and, in 2019, the country’s first PhD program in indigenous health. Dr. Warne, the director of INMED, calls it “by far, the most successful indigenous medical training program in the world,” having helped 228 American Indians and Alaska Natives graduate since its inception. A new cohort of 6 students has just enrolled.

Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) received $800,000 in federal funding for its Future Leaders in Indigenous Health (FLIGHT) project, managed through OHSU’s Northwest Native American Center of Excellence (NNACoE). In 2012, just 8 Native students were enrolled in the OHSU School of Medicine; a decade later, there were 29. In 2022, the newest medical class included 12 American Indian or Alaska Native students. According to the school, it is believed to be the largest group of Natives in any single US medical school MD class in history. The number of Native faculty in the OHSU School of Medicine grew from 7 in 2014 to 13 in 2022.

America was already facing a critical health care workforce shortage before the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem. The American Medical Association (AMA) projects that there will be a national shortage of up to 48,000 primary care physicians and 77,100 non-primary care physicians by 2034.

The dearth is particularly striking among physicians who practice in rural areas and those who are Native American. As of 2021, fewer than 3000 physicians—of 841,322—identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, according to the latest statistics from the Physician Specialty Data Report, published by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

The lack of Native American physicians is “nothing new, it’s been going on for decades,” says Mary Owen (Tlingit), MD, director of the Center of American Indian and Minority Health and associate dean of Native American Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School, speaking in a Native America Calling podcast in October.

“These numbers are… actually lessening—and we had paltry numbers to begin with,” said Owen. “It doesn’t take a genius to look back and figure out where it’s from. We don’t have enough students coming through the pathways in the first place. For instance, our high school graduation rate in this country is easily 10 points below that of non-Natives. In Duluth, Minnesota, the high school graduation rate is only 43%… We have to recognize that this is an area we have to work on.”

Senators Tim Kaine (D-VA) and Alex Padilla (D-CA) have introduced the Expanding Medical Education Act, legislation to get more students from underrepresented groups into the physician pipeline. The bill would provide grants through the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) for colleges and universities to establish or expand allopathic (MD-granting) or osteopathic (DO-granting) medical schools in underserved areas or at institutions for underrepresented populations, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).

Addressing Rural Needs

However, projections on the growth of health care professions show that supply will not meet demand over the next 10 years. The shortage is more dire in rural areas. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), since 2010, more than 150 rural hospitals have either closed their doors entirely or stopped providing inpatient hospital services. Often, rural communities have fewer local HCPs available.

More than half (54%) of American Indian or Alaska Native people live in rural and small-town areas, and 68% live on or near their tribal homelands, according to the nonprofit First Nations Development Institute. Many live far—even hours—away from the nearest health care facility. But according to Population Health in Rural America in 2020: Proceedings of a Workshop, only 10% of primary care practitioners and < 7% of specialty care practitioners live in rural areas. About 5% of rural counties do not have any family physicians. What’s more, language and culture differ among the nearly 600 tribes across the country. The Indian Health Council, for instance, counts 9 individual reservations and tribes within a 5-mile radius in San Diego County, “all of which have their own unique customs,” which contribute to the “level of care they deem appropriate.”

“If you’re a rural impoverished community, it’s hard to recruit doctors. We’re more likely to return to our communities,” said Donald K. Warne (Oglala Lakota), MD, MPH, Associate Dean for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, during the 2019 American Indian or Alaska Native Physicians Summit, which was cosponsored by the AMA, Association of American Indian Physicians (AAIP), and the AAMC.

“Communities of color and those living in rural and underserved areas have long faced significant barriers to health care, including a lack of providers that look like them or practice close by,” said Senator Kaine in a statement. “Since research shows that physicians are more likely to practice in the areas they’re from, supporting medical schools at minority-serving institutions and HBCUs in underserved areas can help improve care in those communities.”

Where Are the Native Medical Students?

Only 9% of medical schools have more than 4 American Indian or Alaska Native students; 43% have none, says Siobhan M. Wescott, MD, MPH, chair of the AMA Minority Affairs Section (MAS), and an assistant professor at the University of North Dakota. Dr. Wescott, who hosted the AMA co-sponsored summit on behalf of the AMA-MAS, is an Alaska Native and 1 of only 3 physicians from her tribe. The AAMC has also found that less than half of MD-granting medical schools in the US have enrolled more than 5 Native students.

Among other things, the Expanding Medical Education Act would prioritize grants to institutions of higher education that propose to use the funds to establish a medical school or branch campus in an area in which no other such school is based and is a medically underserved community or “health professional shortage” area. Eligible uses for the grants include hiring diverse faculty and other staff, and recruiting students from underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities, students from rural and underserved areas, low-income students, and first-generation college students.

The legislation has been endorsed by the AAMC, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Association of American Indian Physicians, Association of Clinicians for the Underserved, National Hispanic Medical Association, Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science, and Ochsner Health.

Funding Is Key

Federal agencies are investing in funding and training. Medicare is allocating 1000 new training slots for medical residents, prioritizing rural and underserved areas. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is offering another 200 slots, at least 100 of which are specifically for psychiatry residencies in 2026. HHS awarded more than $11 million through the Rural Residency Planning and Development Program (RRPD) to help establish new rural residency programs. Accredited RRPD-funded programs are already training more than 300 resident physicians in family medicine, internal medicine, psychiatry, and general surgery. HRSA published an opportunity for $5 million in FY 2024 to develop and implement clinical rotations for physician assistant students in rural areas that will integrate behavioral health with primary care services.

The Biden-Harris Administration has already taken several steps to improve access to health care for the more than 60 million people who live in rural areas, including: building on the Affordable Care Act and Inflation Reduction Act to increase access to affordable health coverage and care for those living in rural communities; keeping more rural hospitals open to provide critical services in their communities; and bolstering the rural health workforce, including for primary care and behavioral HCPs.

The administration also has funded small rural hospitals and Medicare-certified Rural Health Clinics. Critical access hospitals and small hospitals in rural areas have a new option: to convert to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH), a new Medicare provider type. CMS has changed the payment method for Tribal and Indian Health Services–operated REHs, to address certain barriers that may have discouraged Tribal and Indian Health Service (IHS)–operated hospitals from converting to REHs. Beginning in FY 2022, HHS, through HRSA, dedicated $5 million to provide technical assistance to rural hospitals that are considering converting to the REH designation.

HHS also has several grant opportunities to support rural communities, including $28 million to provide direct health services and expand infrastructure and $16 million to provide technical assistance to rural hospitals facing financial distress. This year, 60 rural hospitals will receive technical assistance to maintain financial viability and ensure continued access to care.

The HRSA National Health Service Corps Rural Community Loan Repayment Program has invested $80 million to support substance use disorder treatment, assist in recovery, and prevent overdose deaths. Medicare will also cover opioid use disorder treatment services delivered by mobile units of registered opioid treatment programs, which can now be accessed via telehealth or audio-only communications.

Curricula Also Lack Native Diversity

As of 2017, only 11% of MD-granting schools in the US say they have included Native American health content in their curricula. Dr. Owen notes some of the challenges indigenous students face: They are in a crowd that is primarily non-Native, far from their own family and community; unlike White students, they usually do not have mentors; they may not have the wherewithal to continue school and graduate.

A 2022 study of the association of sociodemographic characteristics with US medical student attrition, published in JAMA Internal Medicine, found that American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander students were more than 4 times as likely to drop out compared with White students. More than 10% of Indigenous medical students don’t graduate—the highest of any group the researchers examined.

In 1973 the University of North Dakota, for instance, launched Indians Into Medicine (INMED), a program that has since recruited, supported, and trained 250 American Indian doctors, and, in 2019, the country’s first PhD program in indigenous health. Dr. Warne, the director of INMED, calls it “by far, the most successful indigenous medical training program in the world,” having helped 228 American Indians and Alaska Natives graduate since its inception. A new cohort of 6 students has just enrolled.

Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) received $800,000 in federal funding for its Future Leaders in Indigenous Health (FLIGHT) project, managed through OHSU’s Northwest Native American Center of Excellence (NNACoE). In 2012, just 8 Native students were enrolled in the OHSU School of Medicine; a decade later, there were 29. In 2022, the newest medical class included 12 American Indian or Alaska Native students. According to the school, it is believed to be the largest group of Natives in any single US medical school MD class in history. The number of Native faculty in the OHSU School of Medicine grew from 7 in 2014 to 13 in 2022.

Early diagnosis improves lung cancer survival. Yet in the general population, only 17% of cases are diagnosed at an early stage. Among veterans, that rises to more than 30%.

Despite the impact lung cancer screening (LCS) has on improving survival, screening rates in the US remain low. In November 2017, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) issued a memorandum providing recommendations for LCS with low-dose computer tomography (CT) scans at VA facilities. The memorandum was updated July 2022. While the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) called the memoranda “guidelines,” it also stipulated to VA facilities that they may “only” perform LCS when they meet all 10 mandatory elements:  

• Standardized, evidence-based criteria for eligibility, frequency, and duration of LCS
• Processes to facilitate the identification of patients who meet VA LCS eligibility criteria
• Patient education materials and shared decision making for patients regarding participation in an LCS program
• Clinical LCS coordinator(s) to coordinate the care and management of patients in the program
• Access to an effective, evidence-based smoking cessation program
• An LCS program oversight board responsible for oversight of the program’s conduct and management
• Access to a multidisciplinary lung nodule management board with clinical expertise in lung nodule management and diagnostic pathways
• Access to a tumor board with expertise in lung cancer treatment
• Optimized radiology CT protocols and standardized procedure names, along with standardized reporting methodology/codes and lung nodule management guidelines
• A patient management tool/registry to rigorously track and manage patients to ensure high levels of adherence to LCS management guidelines

However, in a recent investigation, the OIG found that facility staff involved in LCS reported that VA LCS guideline requirements “presented barriers to broader adoption of LCS” and did not ensure consistent implementation.

One problem, the OIG found, was the limited use of LCS at VA facilities. Just over half of the surveyed VA facilities reported having an established LCS program consistent with VA guidelines for LCS in 2022. There were also barriers to implementing LCS program requirements, such as the absence of an LCS coordinator, the lack of adequate staffing, the absence of a patient registry, and the lack of a multidisciplinary board.

Another problem was the inconsistent implementation of screening. Facilities with LCS programs reported varied use of program elements, including inconsistent use of an LCS coordinator to manage patients in the program.

The OIG also found that regardless of whether facilities had established an adherent LCS program, they varied in how they identified screening-eligible patients. The VA National Center for LCS recommends the use of clinical reminders as the preferred method to identify patients—but it is not required and not all facilities use it. The clinical reminder, the OIG report points out, can capture accurate smoking history information within the electronic health record to support identifying patients meeting LCS criteria.

The facilities also varied in their methods for interpreting low-dose CT scans. Ten sites, for instance, reported not using an established system for the classification of the results. The OIG notes that this could lead to inaccurate interpretation of the low-dose CT scan results and increase the risk for patient harm and health care costs.

The OIG made the following 3 recommendations to the Under Secretary for Health: (1) Review the operational memorandum for lung cancer screening implementation and assess whether LCS rates could be enhanced by allowing a facility to conduct LCS while developing all mandated elements; (2) Review the operational memorandum for LCS implementation and assess whether LCS rates could be enhanced by reevaluating, prioritizing, and clarifying the mandated elements; and (3) Consider mandating eligible patients be offered LCS consistent with other required cancer screenings in the VA.

The Under Secretary for Health concurred with the recommendations and provided an acceptable action plan. The OIG will follow up on the planned actions until they are completed.

Early diagnosis improves lung cancer survival. Yet in the general population, only 17% of cases are diagnosed at an early stage. Among veterans, that rises to more than 30%.

Despite the impact lung cancer screening (LCS) has on improving survival, screening rates in the US remain low. In November 2017, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) issued a memorandum providing recommendations for LCS with low-dose computer tomography (CT) scans at VA facilities. The memorandum was updated July 2022. While the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) called the memoranda “guidelines,” it also stipulated to VA facilities that they may “only” perform LCS when they meet all 10 mandatory elements:  

• Standardized, evidence-based criteria for eligibility, frequency, and duration of LCS
• Processes to facilitate the identification of patients who meet VA LCS eligibility criteria
• Patient education materials and shared decision making for patients regarding participation in an LCS program
• Clinical LCS coordinator(s) to coordinate the care and management of patients in the program
• Access to an effective, evidence-based smoking cessation program
• An LCS program oversight board responsible for oversight of the program’s conduct and management
• Access to a multidisciplinary lung nodule management board with clinical expertise in lung nodule management and diagnostic pathways
• Access to a tumor board with expertise in lung cancer treatment
• Optimized radiology CT protocols and standardized procedure names, along with standardized reporting methodology/codes and lung nodule management guidelines
• A patient management tool/registry to rigorously track and manage patients to ensure high levels of adherence to LCS management guidelines

However, in a recent investigation, the OIG found that facility staff involved in LCS reported that VA LCS guideline requirements “presented barriers to broader adoption of LCS” and did not ensure consistent implementation.

One problem, the OIG found, was the limited use of LCS at VA facilities. Just over half of the surveyed VA facilities reported having an established LCS program consistent with VA guidelines for LCS in 2022. There were also barriers to implementing LCS program requirements, such as the absence of an LCS coordinator, the lack of adequate staffing, the absence of a patient registry, and the lack of a multidisciplinary board.

Another problem was the inconsistent implementation of screening. Facilities with LCS programs reported varied use of program elements, including inconsistent use of an LCS coordinator to manage patients in the program.

The OIG also found that regardless of whether facilities had established an adherent LCS program, they varied in how they identified screening-eligible patients. The VA National Center for LCS recommends the use of clinical reminders as the preferred method to identify patients—but it is not required and not all facilities use it. The clinical reminder, the OIG report points out, can capture accurate smoking history information within the electronic health record to support identifying patients meeting LCS criteria.

The facilities also varied in their methods for interpreting low-dose CT scans. Ten sites, for instance, reported not using an established system for the classification of the results. The OIG notes that this could lead to inaccurate interpretation of the low-dose CT scan results and increase the risk for patient harm and health care costs.

The OIG made the following 3 recommendations to the Under Secretary for Health: (1) Review the operational memorandum for lung cancer screening implementation and assess whether LCS rates could be enhanced by allowing a facility to conduct LCS while developing all mandated elements; (2) Review the operational memorandum for LCS implementation and assess whether LCS rates could be enhanced by reevaluating, prioritizing, and clarifying the mandated elements; and (3) Consider mandating eligible patients be offered LCS consistent with other required cancer screenings in the VA.

The Under Secretary for Health concurred with the recommendations and provided an acceptable action plan. The OIG will follow up on the planned actions until they are completed.

Early diagnosis improves lung cancer survival. Yet in the general population, only 17% of cases are diagnosed at an early stage. Among veterans, that rises to more than 30%.

Despite the impact lung cancer screening (LCS) has on improving survival, screening rates in the US remain low. In November 2017, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) issued a memorandum providing recommendations for LCS with low-dose computer tomography (CT) scans at VA facilities. The memorandum was updated July 2022. While the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) called the memoranda “guidelines,” it also stipulated to VA facilities that they may “only” perform LCS when they meet all 10 mandatory elements:  

• Standardized, evidence-based criteria for eligibility, frequency, and duration of LCS
• Processes to facilitate the identification of patients who meet VA LCS eligibility criteria
• Patient education materials and shared decision making for patients regarding participation in an LCS program
• Clinical LCS coordinator(s) to coordinate the care and management of patients in the program
• Access to an effective, evidence-based smoking cessation program
• An LCS program oversight board responsible for oversight of the program’s conduct and management
• Access to a multidisciplinary lung nodule management board with clinical expertise in lung nodule management and diagnostic pathways
• Access to a tumor board with expertise in lung cancer treatment
• Optimized radiology CT protocols and standardized procedure names, along with standardized reporting methodology/codes and lung nodule management guidelines
• A patient management tool/registry to rigorously track and manage patients to ensure high levels of adherence to LCS management guidelines

However, in a recent investigation, the OIG found that facility staff involved in LCS reported that VA LCS guideline requirements “presented barriers to broader adoption of LCS” and did not ensure consistent implementation.

One problem, the OIG found, was the limited use of LCS at VA facilities. Just over half of the surveyed VA facilities reported having an established LCS program consistent with VA guidelines for LCS in 2022. There were also barriers to implementing LCS program requirements, such as the absence of an LCS coordinator, the lack of adequate staffing, the absence of a patient registry, and the lack of a multidisciplinary board.

Another problem was the inconsistent implementation of screening. Facilities with LCS programs reported varied use of program elements, including inconsistent use of an LCS coordinator to manage patients in the program.

The OIG also found that regardless of whether facilities had established an adherent LCS program, they varied in how they identified screening-eligible patients. The VA National Center for LCS recommends the use of clinical reminders as the preferred method to identify patients—but it is not required and not all facilities use it. The clinical reminder, the OIG report points out, can capture accurate smoking history information within the electronic health record to support identifying patients meeting LCS criteria.

The facilities also varied in their methods for interpreting low-dose CT scans. Ten sites, for instance, reported not using an established system for the classification of the results. The OIG notes that this could lead to inaccurate interpretation of the low-dose CT scan results and increase the risk for patient harm and health care costs.

The OIG made the following 3 recommendations to the Under Secretary for Health: (1) Review the operational memorandum for lung cancer screening implementation and assess whether LCS rates could be enhanced by allowing a facility to conduct LCS while developing all mandated elements; (2) Review the operational memorandum for LCS implementation and assess whether LCS rates could be enhanced by reevaluating, prioritizing, and clarifying the mandated elements; and (3) Consider mandating eligible patients be offered LCS consistent with other required cancer screenings in the VA.

The Under Secretary for Health concurred with the recommendations and provided an acceptable action plan. The OIG will follow up on the planned actions until they are completed.

Family members of veterans exposed to contaminated drinking water at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, North Carolina, from August 1, 1953, to December 31, 1987, are now eligible for reimbursement of health care costs associated with Parkinson disease (PD) under the Camp Lejeune Family Member Program, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has announced.

That brings the number of illnesses or conditions those family members can be reimbursed for to 16: esophageal, lung, breast, bladder, and kidney cancer, leukemia, multiple myeloma, renal toxicity, miscarriage, hepatic steatosis, female infertility, myelodysplastic syndromes, scleroderma, neurobehavioral effects, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Parkinson disease.

A recent JAMA study of 340,489 service members found that the risk of PD is 70% higher for veterans stationed at Camp Lejeune (n = 279) compared with veterans stationed at Camp Pendleton, California (n = 151).

The researchers say water supplies at Camp Lejeune were contaminated with several volatile organic compounds. They suggest that the risk of PD may be related to trichloroethylene exposure (TCE), a volatile organic compound widely used as a cleaning agent, in the manufacturing of some refrigerants, and found in paints and other products. In January, the US Environmental Protection Agency issued a revised risk determination saying that TCE presents an unreasonable risk to the health of workers, occupational nonusers (workers nearby but not in direct contact with this chemical), consumers, and bystanders.

Levels at Camp Lejeune were highest for TCE, with monthly median values greater than 70-fold the permissible amount.

Camp Lejeune veterans also had a significantly increased risk of prodromal PD diagnoses, including tremor, anxiety, and erectile dysfunction, and higher cumulative prodromal risk scores. No excess risk was found for other forms of neurodegenerative parkinsonism.

The PACT Act allows veterans and their families to file lawsuits for harm caused by exposure to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune. “Veterans and their families deserve no-cost health care for the conditions they developed due to the contaminated water at Camp Lejeune,” said VA’s Under Secretary for Health, Dr. Shereef Elnahal, MD. “We’re proud to add Parkinson disease to the list of conditions that are covered for veteran family members, and we implore anyone who may be living with this disease—or any of the other conditions covered by VA’s Camp Lejeune Family Member Program—to apply for assistance today.”

Family members of veterans exposed to contaminated drinking water at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, North Carolina, from August 1, 1953, to December 31, 1987, are now eligible for reimbursement of health care costs associated with Parkinson disease (PD) under the Camp Lejeune Family Member Program, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has announced.

That brings the number of illnesses or conditions those family members can be reimbursed for to 16: esophageal, lung, breast, bladder, and kidney cancer, leukemia, multiple myeloma, renal toxicity, miscarriage, hepatic steatosis, female infertility, myelodysplastic syndromes, scleroderma, neurobehavioral effects, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Parkinson disease.

A recent JAMA study of 340,489 service members found that the risk of PD is 70% higher for veterans stationed at Camp Lejeune (n = 279) compared with veterans stationed at Camp Pendleton, California (n = 151).

The researchers say water supplies at Camp Lejeune were contaminated with several volatile organic compounds. They suggest that the risk of PD may be related to trichloroethylene exposure (TCE), a volatile organic compound widely used as a cleaning agent, in the manufacturing of some refrigerants, and found in paints and other products. In January, the US Environmental Protection Agency issued a revised risk determination saying that TCE presents an unreasonable risk to the health of workers, occupational nonusers (workers nearby but not in direct contact with this chemical), consumers, and bystanders.

Levels at Camp Lejeune were highest for TCE, with monthly median values greater than 70-fold the permissible amount.

Camp Lejeune veterans also had a significantly increased risk of prodromal PD diagnoses, including tremor, anxiety, and erectile dysfunction, and higher cumulative prodromal risk scores. No excess risk was found for other forms of neurodegenerative parkinsonism.

The PACT Act allows veterans and their families to file lawsuits for harm caused by exposure to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune. “Veterans and their families deserve no-cost health care for the conditions they developed due to the contaminated water at Camp Lejeune,” said VA’s Under Secretary for Health, Dr. Shereef Elnahal, MD. “We’re proud to add Parkinson disease to the list of conditions that are covered for veteran family members, and we implore anyone who may be living with this disease—or any of the other conditions covered by VA’s Camp Lejeune Family Member Program—to apply for assistance today.”

Family members of veterans exposed to contaminated drinking water at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, North Carolina, from August 1, 1953, to December 31, 1987, are now eligible for reimbursement of health care costs associated with Parkinson disease (PD) under the Camp Lejeune Family Member Program, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has announced.

That brings the number of illnesses or conditions those family members can be reimbursed for to 16: esophageal, lung, breast, bladder, and kidney cancer, leukemia, multiple myeloma, renal toxicity, miscarriage, hepatic steatosis, female infertility, myelodysplastic syndromes, scleroderma, neurobehavioral effects, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Parkinson disease.

A recent JAMA study of 340,489 service members found that the risk of PD is 70% higher for veterans stationed at Camp Lejeune (n = 279) compared with veterans stationed at Camp Pendleton, California (n = 151).

The researchers say water supplies at Camp Lejeune were contaminated with several volatile organic compounds. They suggest that the risk of PD may be related to trichloroethylene exposure (TCE), a volatile organic compound widely used as a cleaning agent, in the manufacturing of some refrigerants, and found in paints and other products. In January, the US Environmental Protection Agency issued a revised risk determination saying that TCE presents an unreasonable risk to the health of workers, occupational nonusers (workers nearby but not in direct contact with this chemical), consumers, and bystanders.

Levels at Camp Lejeune were highest for TCE, with monthly median values greater than 70-fold the permissible amount.

Camp Lejeune veterans also had a significantly increased risk of prodromal PD diagnoses, including tremor, anxiety, and erectile dysfunction, and higher cumulative prodromal risk scores. No excess risk was found for other forms of neurodegenerative parkinsonism.

The PACT Act allows veterans and their families to file lawsuits for harm caused by exposure to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune. “Veterans and their families deserve no-cost health care for the conditions they developed due to the contaminated water at Camp Lejeune,” said VA’s Under Secretary for Health, Dr. Shereef Elnahal, MD. “We’re proud to add Parkinson disease to the list of conditions that are covered for veteran family members, and we implore anyone who may be living with this disease—or any of the other conditions covered by VA’s Camp Lejeune Family Member Program—to apply for assistance today.”

Hearing loss and tinnitus are the top and third most common service-connected disabilities among veterans. According to a Veterans Benefits Administration report, as of fiscal year 2020, more than 1.3 million veterans were receiving disability compensation for hearing loss and more than 2.3 million for tinnitus. Not surprisingly, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest employer of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in the US.

On the bright side, military hearing losses are at stable levels—but “it’s not improving,” said US Army Lt Col Michael Murphy, chief of the studies and analysis section and Army audiology liaison at the Defense Health Agency Hearing Center of Excellence (HCE), in an interview for Department of Defense news.

Hearing protection is critical to reduce injury. Exposure to firearms, explosives, and other “continuous hazardous noise” puts service members and US Department of Defense (DoD) civilians at risk of permanent hearing loss, said Theresa Schulz, PhD, chief of the HCE prevention and surveillance section. “Good hearing is a key to mission success.”

Hearing protectors, which Shulz calls “the last line of defense from noise-induced hearing loss,” work best when they fit right: protecting against noise and, when necessary, not muffling voices, alarms, and other important sounds. That is why the DoD has updated its requirements for fit testing. All DoD personnel who are exposed to continuous and intermittent noise ≥ 85 decibels (in an 8-hour average) or impulse noise sound pressure ≥ 140 decibels (for ≥ 1 day per year) must be enrolled in a hearing conservation program. Additional criteria are expected for release by December 2023. According to HCE, each service may have more stringent requirements for hearing protector fit testing that better meets the needs of their hearing conservation program.

The question of proper fit was at the root of a recent lawsuit charging 3M with knowingly selling defective earplugs to the US military. The 3M dual-ended Combat Arms Earplug (CAEv2) was designed to eliminate the need for soldiers to carry 2 different sets of earplugs. Worn one way, it was intended to block sound like traditional earplugs; worn in reverse, it would block only certain types of loud battlefield noise while allowing the wearer to hear softer, closer sounds.

However, no 2 ears are the same—even on the same person. According to the HCE, during hearing protection testing, there is a < 2 mm difference in insertion depth between left and right ears for 85% of subjects. A 2016 whistleblower lawsuit accused 3M of not disclosing that the CAEv2 was too short for proper insertion into users’ ears and that it could loosen imperceptibly and fail to form the protective seal.

In 2018, 3M agreed to pay $9.1 million to the Department of Justice to resolve the allegations without admitting liability. That case led to the largest mass tort multidistrict litigation in US history. Last February, Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) filed an amicus curiae brief to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals in support of claimants seeking relief from 3M for defective ear protection. Approximately 240,000 veterans filed lawsuits against 3M. In September the parties reached a $6 billion settlement—nearly half of 3M’s worth. According to John Muckelbauer, a veteran and general counsel for the VFW in a military.com opinion piece, the settlement achieves balance: not pushing the already financially strapped 3M into bankruptcy, but sending “a strong signal that the safety of our service members can never be compromised.”

Crucially, Muckelbauer notes, the VA says participating in the lawsuit will not result in the loss of health or disability benefits, nor will it adversely affect disability ratings. VA facilities are also barred from recovering any portion of a plaintiff’s award as part of a medical lien.

3M has not admitted responsibility in this settlement either, frustrating the veteran claimants. An admission of guilt was never on the table, says Ronald Miller, Jr., writing for the Lawsuit Information Center, which posts updates on class action lawsuits. “Admitting responsibility would open the door for everyone to opt out and move forward on that admission… Admitting guilt would also be harmful to 3M’s reputation. They have long vigorously denied responsibility, so the optics would be terrible.”

A new twist cropped up almost immediately when claimants began getting cold calls from scammers impersonating employees of Archer Systems LLC, the company designated to administer the settlement. The scammers attempted to extract sensitive personal information, including Social Security numbers. Judge M. Casey Rodgers alerted the Federal Bureau of Investigation and warned claimants to safeguard their data vigilantly and report any fraudulent attempts.

The settlement money will be paid out from 2023 to 2029, with $1 billion in the form of 3M stock, 3M said in a statement. (In August 2023, upon news of the settlement, the price of 3M shares had risen nearly 5%.) Miller says the whole $6 billion will be distributed using a point system that awards amounts according to disability, with, for instance, tinnitus without contemporaneous corroboration getting the least and moderate or greater hearing loss getting the most. “This settlement is a tremendous outcome for veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan who put their lives on the line for our freedom,” said Duane Sarmiento, VFW national commander in a statement. “For those who came home with hearing damage due to 3M’s faulty earplugs, this is not only compensation, it’s a statement that their sacrifices won’t be ignored.”

Hearing loss and tinnitus are the top and third most common service-connected disabilities among veterans. According to a Veterans Benefits Administration report, as of fiscal year 2020, more than 1.3 million veterans were receiving disability compensation for hearing loss and more than 2.3 million for tinnitus. Not surprisingly, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest employer of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in the US.

On the bright side, military hearing losses are at stable levels—but “it’s not improving,” said US Army Lt Col Michael Murphy, chief of the studies and analysis section and Army audiology liaison at the Defense Health Agency Hearing Center of Excellence (HCE), in an interview for Department of Defense news.

Hearing protection is critical to reduce injury. Exposure to firearms, explosives, and other “continuous hazardous noise” puts service members and US Department of Defense (DoD) civilians at risk of permanent hearing loss, said Theresa Schulz, PhD, chief of the HCE prevention and surveillance section. “Good hearing is a key to mission success.”

Hearing protectors, which Shulz calls “the last line of defense from noise-induced hearing loss,” work best when they fit right: protecting against noise and, when necessary, not muffling voices, alarms, and other important sounds. That is why the DoD has updated its requirements for fit testing. All DoD personnel who are exposed to continuous and intermittent noise ≥ 85 decibels (in an 8-hour average) or impulse noise sound pressure ≥ 140 decibels (for ≥ 1 day per year) must be enrolled in a hearing conservation program. Additional criteria are expected for release by December 2023. According to HCE, each service may have more stringent requirements for hearing protector fit testing that better meets the needs of their hearing conservation program.

The question of proper fit was at the root of a recent lawsuit charging 3M with knowingly selling defective earplugs to the US military. The 3M dual-ended Combat Arms Earplug (CAEv2) was designed to eliminate the need for soldiers to carry 2 different sets of earplugs. Worn one way, it was intended to block sound like traditional earplugs; worn in reverse, it would block only certain types of loud battlefield noise while allowing the wearer to hear softer, closer sounds.

However, no 2 ears are the same—even on the same person. According to the HCE, during hearing protection testing, there is a < 2 mm difference in insertion depth between left and right ears for 85% of subjects. A 2016 whistleblower lawsuit accused 3M of not disclosing that the CAEv2 was too short for proper insertion into users’ ears and that it could loosen imperceptibly and fail to form the protective seal.

In 2018, 3M agreed to pay $9.1 million to the Department of Justice to resolve the allegations without admitting liability. That case led to the largest mass tort multidistrict litigation in US history. Last February, Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) filed an amicus curiae brief to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals in support of claimants seeking relief from 3M for defective ear protection. Approximately 240,000 veterans filed lawsuits against 3M. In September the parties reached a $6 billion settlement—nearly half of 3M’s worth. According to John Muckelbauer, a veteran and general counsel for the VFW in a military.com opinion piece, the settlement achieves balance: not pushing the already financially strapped 3M into bankruptcy, but sending “a strong signal that the safety of our service members can never be compromised.”

Crucially, Muckelbauer notes, the VA says participating in the lawsuit will not result in the loss of health or disability benefits, nor will it adversely affect disability ratings. VA facilities are also barred from recovering any portion of a plaintiff’s award as part of a medical lien.

3M has not admitted responsibility in this settlement either, frustrating the veteran claimants. An admission of guilt was never on the table, says Ronald Miller, Jr., writing for the Lawsuit Information Center, which posts updates on class action lawsuits. “Admitting responsibility would open the door for everyone to opt out and move forward on that admission… Admitting guilt would also be harmful to 3M’s reputation. They have long vigorously denied responsibility, so the optics would be terrible.”

A new twist cropped up almost immediately when claimants began getting cold calls from scammers impersonating employees of Archer Systems LLC, the company designated to administer the settlement. The scammers attempted to extract sensitive personal information, including Social Security numbers. Judge M. Casey Rodgers alerted the Federal Bureau of Investigation and warned claimants to safeguard their data vigilantly and report any fraudulent attempts.

The settlement money will be paid out from 2023 to 2029, with $1 billion in the form of 3M stock, 3M said in a statement. (In August 2023, upon news of the settlement, the price of 3M shares had risen nearly 5%.) Miller says the whole $6 billion will be distributed using a point system that awards amounts according to disability, with, for instance, tinnitus without contemporaneous corroboration getting the least and moderate or greater hearing loss getting the most. “This settlement is a tremendous outcome for veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan who put their lives on the line for our freedom,” said Duane Sarmiento, VFW national commander in a statement. “For those who came home with hearing damage due to 3M’s faulty earplugs, this is not only compensation, it’s a statement that their sacrifices won’t be ignored.”

Hearing loss and tinnitus are the top and third most common service-connected disabilities among veterans. According to a Veterans Benefits Administration report, as of fiscal year 2020, more than 1.3 million veterans were receiving disability compensation for hearing loss and more than 2.3 million for tinnitus. Not surprisingly, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest employer of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in the US.

On the bright side, military hearing losses are at stable levels—but “it’s not improving,” said US Army Lt Col Michael Murphy, chief of the studies and analysis section and Army audiology liaison at the Defense Health Agency Hearing Center of Excellence (HCE), in an interview for Department of Defense news.

Hearing protection is critical to reduce injury. Exposure to firearms, explosives, and other “continuous hazardous noise” puts service members and US Department of Defense (DoD) civilians at risk of permanent hearing loss, said Theresa Schulz, PhD, chief of the HCE prevention and surveillance section. “Good hearing is a key to mission success.”

Hearing protectors, which Shulz calls “the last line of defense from noise-induced hearing loss,” work best when they fit right: protecting against noise and, when necessary, not muffling voices, alarms, and other important sounds. That is why the DoD has updated its requirements for fit testing. All DoD personnel who are exposed to continuous and intermittent noise ≥ 85 decibels (in an 8-hour average) or impulse noise sound pressure ≥ 140 decibels (for ≥ 1 day per year) must be enrolled in a hearing conservation program. Additional criteria are expected for release by December 2023. According to HCE, each service may have more stringent requirements for hearing protector fit testing that better meets the needs of their hearing conservation program.

The question of proper fit was at the root of a recent lawsuit charging 3M with knowingly selling defective earplugs to the US military. The 3M dual-ended Combat Arms Earplug (CAEv2) was designed to eliminate the need for soldiers to carry 2 different sets of earplugs. Worn one way, it was intended to block sound like traditional earplugs; worn in reverse, it would block only certain types of loud battlefield noise while allowing the wearer to hear softer, closer sounds.

However, no 2 ears are the same—even on the same person. According to the HCE, during hearing protection testing, there is a < 2 mm difference in insertion depth between left and right ears for 85% of subjects. A 2016 whistleblower lawsuit accused 3M of not disclosing that the CAEv2 was too short for proper insertion into users’ ears and that it could loosen imperceptibly and fail to form the protective seal.

In 2018, 3M agreed to pay $9.1 million to the Department of Justice to resolve the allegations without admitting liability. That case led to the largest mass tort multidistrict litigation in US history. Last February, Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) filed an amicus curiae brief to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals in support of claimants seeking relief from 3M for defective ear protection. Approximately 240,000 veterans filed lawsuits against 3M. In September the parties reached a $6 billion settlement—nearly half of 3M’s worth. According to John Muckelbauer, a veteran and general counsel for the VFW in a military.com opinion piece, the settlement achieves balance: not pushing the already financially strapped 3M into bankruptcy, but sending “a strong signal that the safety of our service members can never be compromised.”

Crucially, Muckelbauer notes, the VA says participating in the lawsuit will not result in the loss of health or disability benefits, nor will it adversely affect disability ratings. VA facilities are also barred from recovering any portion of a plaintiff’s award as part of a medical lien.

3M has not admitted responsibility in this settlement either, frustrating the veteran claimants. An admission of guilt was never on the table, says Ronald Miller, Jr., writing for the Lawsuit Information Center, which posts updates on class action lawsuits. “Admitting responsibility would open the door for everyone to opt out and move forward on that admission… Admitting guilt would also be harmful to 3M’s reputation. They have long vigorously denied responsibility, so the optics would be terrible.”

A new twist cropped up almost immediately when claimants began getting cold calls from scammers impersonating employees of Archer Systems LLC, the company designated to administer the settlement. The scammers attempted to extract sensitive personal information, including Social Security numbers. Judge M. Casey Rodgers alerted the Federal Bureau of Investigation and warned claimants to safeguard their data vigilantly and report any fraudulent attempts.

The settlement money will be paid out from 2023 to 2029, with $1 billion in the form of 3M stock, 3M said in a statement. (In August 2023, upon news of the settlement, the price of 3M shares had risen nearly 5%.) Miller says the whole $6 billion will be distributed using a point system that awards amounts according to disability, with, for instance, tinnitus without contemporaneous corroboration getting the least and moderate or greater hearing loss getting the most. “This settlement is a tremendous outcome for veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan who put their lives on the line for our freedom,” said Duane Sarmiento, VFW national commander in a statement. “For those who came home with hearing damage due to 3M’s faulty earplugs, this is not only compensation, it’s a statement that their sacrifices won’t be ignored.”

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been establishing partnerships right, left, and center to improve and expand care for veterans. Instead of going it alone, VA is partnering with academic affiliates, Native American tribes, and the military to take advantage of state and federal funds.

In California, the VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford Medicine announced a deal to plan, build, and operate a National Cancer Institute–designated joint cancer care and research center on the VA Palo Alto campus. The partnership is another offshoot of the PACT Act, in part because of the number of veterans who need cancer treatment related to, for instance, airborne toxins. The influx of veterans via the PACT Act could represent “the largest expansion of veterans’ benefits in history,” VA Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD, MBA, said at a press event about the collaboration. “This will allow us to partner with every powerhouse academic center in the country if we do this right. For research, training, and care delivery, it’s all one bucket of cancer care that veterans deserve.”

A separate partnership between the Cherokee Nation and Eastern Oklahoma VA Healthcare System will establish a VA clinic inside the Cherokee Nation’s Vinita Health Center, an hour northeast of Tulsa. The clinic, expected to open early next year, will serve any veteran. “Cherokees and other Native Americans serve in the US military at a higher rate than any other group, and veterans hold a special place in our hearts,” Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. said in a statement. “I am honored to do my part in covering veterans’ long-term health needs.”

The VA serves about 53,000 veterans living in eastern Oklahoma. Officials predict that partnership could serve as a roadmap for how rural America can work with tribes to increase care for veterans. “As we look ahead, this partnership with the VA can be a model for other tribes and communities across the nation,” Hoskin said.

Another collaborative plan, this one by the VA and US Department of Defense (DoD), will give about 37,000 Gulf Coast–area veterans access to care at a new Naval Hospital Pensacola clinic. Local veterans who previously received care from community clinicians or traveled to the Biloxi VA Medical Center in Mississippi will now be able to receive same-day, outpatient surgical care. “This partnership will help VA provide more care, more quickly, to more Gulf Coast veterans—as close to their homes as possible,” said Elnahal.

An agreement with the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) will improve infrastructure at the Coatesville VA Medical Center by repurposing a recently closed hospital nearby for outpatient, acute mental health, and long-term care services. “The PACT Act allows for great synergy between Penn Medicine and the VA, and we hope to leverage this new model to set the standard for how our nation approaches military medicine,” UPHS CEO Kevin B. Mahoney said.

An Eastern Oklahoma VA Health Care System hospital scheduled to open in 2025 in Tulsa was partially funded through the Communities Helping Invest through Property and Improvements Needed (CHIP-IN) program, the state of Oklahoma, the city of Tulsa, and the nonprofit team of Oklahoma State University Medical and the Anne and Henry Zarrow Foundation. When completed, the 58-bed hospital will serve approximately 38,000 veterans.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been establishing partnerships right, left, and center to improve and expand care for veterans. Instead of going it alone, VA is partnering with academic affiliates, Native American tribes, and the military to take advantage of state and federal funds.

In California, the VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford Medicine announced a deal to plan, build, and operate a National Cancer Institute–designated joint cancer care and research center on the VA Palo Alto campus. The partnership is another offshoot of the PACT Act, in part because of the number of veterans who need cancer treatment related to, for instance, airborne toxins. The influx of veterans via the PACT Act could represent “the largest expansion of veterans’ benefits in history,” VA Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD, MBA, said at a press event about the collaboration. “This will allow us to partner with every powerhouse academic center in the country if we do this right. For research, training, and care delivery, it’s all one bucket of cancer care that veterans deserve.”

A separate partnership between the Cherokee Nation and Eastern Oklahoma VA Healthcare System will establish a VA clinic inside the Cherokee Nation’s Vinita Health Center, an hour northeast of Tulsa. The clinic, expected to open early next year, will serve any veteran. “Cherokees and other Native Americans serve in the US military at a higher rate than any other group, and veterans hold a special place in our hearts,” Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. said in a statement. “I am honored to do my part in covering veterans’ long-term health needs.”

The VA serves about 53,000 veterans living in eastern Oklahoma. Officials predict that partnership could serve as a roadmap for how rural America can work with tribes to increase care for veterans. “As we look ahead, this partnership with the VA can be a model for other tribes and communities across the nation,” Hoskin said.

Another collaborative plan, this one by the VA and US Department of Defense (DoD), will give about 37,000 Gulf Coast–area veterans access to care at a new Naval Hospital Pensacola clinic. Local veterans who previously received care from community clinicians or traveled to the Biloxi VA Medical Center in Mississippi will now be able to receive same-day, outpatient surgical care. “This partnership will help VA provide more care, more quickly, to more Gulf Coast veterans—as close to their homes as possible,” said Elnahal.

An agreement with the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) will improve infrastructure at the Coatesville VA Medical Center by repurposing a recently closed hospital nearby for outpatient, acute mental health, and long-term care services. “The PACT Act allows for great synergy between Penn Medicine and the VA, and we hope to leverage this new model to set the standard for how our nation approaches military medicine,” UPHS CEO Kevin B. Mahoney said.

An Eastern Oklahoma VA Health Care System hospital scheduled to open in 2025 in Tulsa was partially funded through the Communities Helping Invest through Property and Improvements Needed (CHIP-IN) program, the state of Oklahoma, the city of Tulsa, and the nonprofit team of Oklahoma State University Medical and the Anne and Henry Zarrow Foundation. When completed, the 58-bed hospital will serve approximately 38,000 veterans.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been establishing partnerships right, left, and center to improve and expand care for veterans. Instead of going it alone, VA is partnering with academic affiliates, Native American tribes, and the military to take advantage of state and federal funds.

In California, the VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford Medicine announced a deal to plan, build, and operate a National Cancer Institute–designated joint cancer care and research center on the VA Palo Alto campus. The partnership is another offshoot of the PACT Act, in part because of the number of veterans who need cancer treatment related to, for instance, airborne toxins. The influx of veterans via the PACT Act could represent “the largest expansion of veterans’ benefits in history,” VA Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD, MBA, said at a press event about the collaboration. “This will allow us to partner with every powerhouse academic center in the country if we do this right. For research, training, and care delivery, it’s all one bucket of cancer care that veterans deserve.”

A separate partnership between the Cherokee Nation and Eastern Oklahoma VA Healthcare System will establish a VA clinic inside the Cherokee Nation’s Vinita Health Center, an hour northeast of Tulsa. The clinic, expected to open early next year, will serve any veteran. “Cherokees and other Native Americans serve in the US military at a higher rate than any other group, and veterans hold a special place in our hearts,” Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. said in a statement. “I am honored to do my part in covering veterans’ long-term health needs.”

The VA serves about 53,000 veterans living in eastern Oklahoma. Officials predict that partnership could serve as a roadmap for how rural America can work with tribes to increase care for veterans. “As we look ahead, this partnership with the VA can be a model for other tribes and communities across the nation,” Hoskin said.

Another collaborative plan, this one by the VA and US Department of Defense (DoD), will give about 37,000 Gulf Coast–area veterans access to care at a new Naval Hospital Pensacola clinic. Local veterans who previously received care from community clinicians or traveled to the Biloxi VA Medical Center in Mississippi will now be able to receive same-day, outpatient surgical care. “This partnership will help VA provide more care, more quickly, to more Gulf Coast veterans—as close to their homes as possible,” said Elnahal.

An agreement with the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) will improve infrastructure at the Coatesville VA Medical Center by repurposing a recently closed hospital nearby for outpatient, acute mental health, and long-term care services. “The PACT Act allows for great synergy between Penn Medicine and the VA, and we hope to leverage this new model to set the standard for how our nation approaches military medicine,” UPHS CEO Kevin B. Mahoney said.

An Eastern Oklahoma VA Health Care System hospital scheduled to open in 2025 in Tulsa was partially funded through the Communities Helping Invest through Property and Improvements Needed (CHIP-IN) program, the state of Oklahoma, the city of Tulsa, and the nonprofit team of Oklahoma State University Medical and the Anne and Henry Zarrow Foundation. When completed, the 58-bed hospital will serve approximately 38,000 veterans.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and 13 health care systems have signed a pledge for interoperability—to securely share data on veteran health care, regardless of whether it is provided inside the VA or not.

“This pledge will improve veteran health care by giving us seamless, immediate access to a patient’s medical history, which will help us make timely and accurate treatment decisions,” said VA Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD, MBA. “It will also empower VA to send helpful information to our partner health systems that they can then offer to veterans in their care—including information about new benefits we are offering under the PACT Act, no-cost emergency suicide care, and more.”

The pledge will allow the health systems to access local, state, and federal health resources and will provide the VA access to health system clinical and administrative data for quality assessment and care coordination. The pledge signers are committed to developing and providing capabilities that: (1) Accurately identify veterans when they seek care from clinicians in [the signers’] communities; (2) Connect veterans with VA and community resources that promote health and health care—especially VA services that lower veterans’ out-of-pocket expenses; and (3) Responsively and reliably coordinate care for shared patients—including exchanging care information requested and provided.

In addition to helping reduce the financial burden for veterans, the VA says, the information sharing could help clinicians outside the VA system to provide more targeted care: “[I]t will also allow us to send helpful information to our partner health systems that they can then offer to veterans in their care,” Elnahal said, “to include information about new benefits we are offering under the PACT Act and other resources that assist with suicide prevention and identifying social risk factors."

The first pledge partners are Emory Healthcare, Inova, Jefferson Health, Sanford Health, University of California Davis Health, Intermountain Health, Mass General Brigham, Rush Health, Tufts Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Kaiser Permanente Health Plan and Hospitals, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, and Atrium Health. Any health system or clinician that supports the pledge’s objectives is encouraged to participate, the VA says. Signers have begun work, and aim to provide proof-of-concept in early 2024.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and 13 health care systems have signed a pledge for interoperability—to securely share data on veteran health care, regardless of whether it is provided inside the VA or not.

“This pledge will improve veteran health care by giving us seamless, immediate access to a patient’s medical history, which will help us make timely and accurate treatment decisions,” said VA Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD, MBA. “It will also empower VA to send helpful information to our partner health systems that they can then offer to veterans in their care—including information about new benefits we are offering under the PACT Act, no-cost emergency suicide care, and more.”

The pledge will allow the health systems to access local, state, and federal health resources and will provide the VA access to health system clinical and administrative data for quality assessment and care coordination. The pledge signers are committed to developing and providing capabilities that: (1) Accurately identify veterans when they seek care from clinicians in [the signers’] communities; (2) Connect veterans with VA and community resources that promote health and health care—especially VA services that lower veterans’ out-of-pocket expenses; and (3) Responsively and reliably coordinate care for shared patients—including exchanging care information requested and provided.

In addition to helping reduce the financial burden for veterans, the VA says, the information sharing could help clinicians outside the VA system to provide more targeted care: “[I]t will also allow us to send helpful information to our partner health systems that they can then offer to veterans in their care,” Elnahal said, “to include information about new benefits we are offering under the PACT Act and other resources that assist with suicide prevention and identifying social risk factors."

The first pledge partners are Emory Healthcare, Inova, Jefferson Health, Sanford Health, University of California Davis Health, Intermountain Health, Mass General Brigham, Rush Health, Tufts Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Kaiser Permanente Health Plan and Hospitals, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, and Atrium Health. Any health system or clinician that supports the pledge’s objectives is encouraged to participate, the VA says. Signers have begun work, and aim to provide proof-of-concept in early 2024.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and 13 health care systems have signed a pledge for interoperability—to securely share data on veteran health care, regardless of whether it is provided inside the VA or not.

“This pledge will improve veteran health care by giving us seamless, immediate access to a patient’s medical history, which will help us make timely and accurate treatment decisions,” said VA Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD, MBA. “It will also empower VA to send helpful information to our partner health systems that they can then offer to veterans in their care—including information about new benefits we are offering under the PACT Act, no-cost emergency suicide care, and more.”

The pledge will allow the health systems to access local, state, and federal health resources and will provide the VA access to health system clinical and administrative data for quality assessment and care coordination. The pledge signers are committed to developing and providing capabilities that: (1) Accurately identify veterans when they seek care from clinicians in [the signers’] communities; (2) Connect veterans with VA and community resources that promote health and health care—especially VA services that lower veterans’ out-of-pocket expenses; and (3) Responsively and reliably coordinate care for shared patients—including exchanging care information requested and provided.

In addition to helping reduce the financial burden for veterans, the VA says, the information sharing could help clinicians outside the VA system to provide more targeted care: “[I]t will also allow us to send helpful information to our partner health systems that they can then offer to veterans in their care,” Elnahal said, “to include information about new benefits we are offering under the PACT Act and other resources that assist with suicide prevention and identifying social risk factors."

The first pledge partners are Emory Healthcare, Inova, Jefferson Health, Sanford Health, University of California Davis Health, Intermountain Health, Mass General Brigham, Rush Health, Tufts Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Kaiser Permanente Health Plan and Hospitals, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, and Atrium Health. Any health system or clinician that supports the pledge’s objectives is encouraged to participate, the VA says. Signers have begun work, and aim to provide proof-of-concept in early 2024.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides health care to about 600,000 women veterans—half are of child-bearing age. Pregnancies in women veterans using VA care have increased by more than 80% since 2014, from 6950 in 2014 to 12,524 in 2022.

Until recently, VA maternity care coordinators would help women navigate health care from the beginning of pregnancy to 8 weeks postpartum. But “[e]vidence shows that new mothers often need support and care coordination long after 8 weeks postpartum, which is why VA is taking action to support veteran mothers for much longer after they give birth,” said Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD. As of October 1, 2023, the maternity support is now extended to 12 months postpartum.

The full range of maternity care services includes primary care, examinations, tests, ultrasounds, newborn care, and screening for social determinants of health, mental health risk factors, and relationship health and safety. Maternity care coordinators also connect veterans with care after delivery and ensure access to follow-up screenings.

The VA says expanding access to maternity care coordinators is part of the work it’s doing to implement the White House Blueprint for Addressing the Maternal Health Crisis, released last year. The US maternal mortality rate is the highest of any developed nation in the world and more than double the rate of peer countries, the report says. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2018 to 2021, the maternal death rate in the US increased from 17.4 to 32.9 per 100,000 live births.

Moreover, “[t]housands of women experience unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery that result in significant short- or long-term consequences to their health,” the White House report says, “such as heart issues, the need for blood transfusions, eclampsia, and blood infections.” Disturbingly, more than 80% of pregnancy-related deaths are preventable. Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women, regardless of income or education, are most likely to experience poor outcomes. Women who live in rural America—where there are many maternal care “deserts”—are about 60% more likely to die, the White House report says.

Quality care requires “care organized for and provided to all women in a manner that maintains their dignity, privacy, and confidentiality, ensures freedom from harm and mistreatment, and enables informed choice and con­tinuous support during labor and childbirth,” say CDC researchers who surveyed 2407 women about their maternity care experiences. One in 5 respondents reported instances of mistreatment. Roughly one-third of Black, Hispanic, and multiracial women reported, for instance, receiving no response to requests for help, being shouted at or scolded, not having their physical privacy protected, and being threatened with withholding treatment or made to accept unwanted treatment.

The White House Blueprint delineates several goals. One is to ”ensure those giving birth are heard and are decisionmakers in accountable systems of care…to improve quality of care, hold providers accountable, and prioritize patient needs and their experience before, during, and after pregnancy.”

The Blueprint advises, for instance, expanding the Hear Her campaign to include culturally relevant materials to raise awareness of urgent maternal warning signs and improve communication between patients and clinicians. It also urges addressing social determinants of maternal health, supporting projects to expand maternal mental health access, increasing access to digital tools, and expanding models that train maternal health care practitoners and students on how to address implicit bias and racism and screen for social determinants of health.

Answering its question of “how we get there,” the Blueprint says, “In working toward this vision, the Biden-Harris Administration has developed, for the first time, a national, whole-of-government strategy to address our maternal health crisis. This strategy starts with the recognition that a concerted national effort to solve the crisis must begin with clear leadership and action from across the federal government. Addressing the maternal health crisis is not limited to a single health care policy or federal agency but should include experts across the government, including: the US Departments of Health and Human Services, Agriculture, Defense, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Justice, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Personnel Management, as well as the VA.

“The Biden-Harris Administration believes that only through this whole-of-government approach—one that considers the entirety of a person’s health and experiences over the course of their full life—will we finally be able to make real progress in tackling this longstanding challenge.”

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides health care to about 600,000 women veterans—half are of child-bearing age. Pregnancies in women veterans using VA care have increased by more than 80% since 2014, from 6950 in 2014 to 12,524 in 2022.

Until recently, VA maternity care coordinators would help women navigate health care from the beginning of pregnancy to 8 weeks postpartum. But “[e]vidence shows that new mothers often need support and care coordination long after 8 weeks postpartum, which is why VA is taking action to support veteran mothers for much longer after they give birth,” said Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD. As of October 1, 2023, the maternity support is now extended to 12 months postpartum.

The full range of maternity care services includes primary care, examinations, tests, ultrasounds, newborn care, and screening for social determinants of health, mental health risk factors, and relationship health and safety. Maternity care coordinators also connect veterans with care after delivery and ensure access to follow-up screenings.

The VA says expanding access to maternity care coordinators is part of the work it’s doing to implement the White House Blueprint for Addressing the Maternal Health Crisis, released last year. The US maternal mortality rate is the highest of any developed nation in the world and more than double the rate of peer countries, the report says. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2018 to 2021, the maternal death rate in the US increased from 17.4 to 32.9 per 100,000 live births.

Moreover, “[t]housands of women experience unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery that result in significant short- or long-term consequences to their health,” the White House report says, “such as heart issues, the need for blood transfusions, eclampsia, and blood infections.” Disturbingly, more than 80% of pregnancy-related deaths are preventable. Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women, regardless of income or education, are most likely to experience poor outcomes. Women who live in rural America—where there are many maternal care “deserts”—are about 60% more likely to die, the White House report says.

Quality care requires “care organized for and provided to all women in a manner that maintains their dignity, privacy, and confidentiality, ensures freedom from harm and mistreatment, and enables informed choice and con­tinuous support during labor and childbirth,” say CDC researchers who surveyed 2407 women about their maternity care experiences. One in 5 respondents reported instances of mistreatment. Roughly one-third of Black, Hispanic, and multiracial women reported, for instance, receiving no response to requests for help, being shouted at or scolded, not having their physical privacy protected, and being threatened with withholding treatment or made to accept unwanted treatment.

The White House Blueprint delineates several goals. One is to ”ensure those giving birth are heard and are decisionmakers in accountable systems of care…to improve quality of care, hold providers accountable, and prioritize patient needs and their experience before, during, and after pregnancy.”

The Blueprint advises, for instance, expanding the Hear Her campaign to include culturally relevant materials to raise awareness of urgent maternal warning signs and improve communication between patients and clinicians. It also urges addressing social determinants of maternal health, supporting projects to expand maternal mental health access, increasing access to digital tools, and expanding models that train maternal health care practitoners and students on how to address implicit bias and racism and screen for social determinants of health.

Answering its question of “how we get there,” the Blueprint says, “In working toward this vision, the Biden-Harris Administration has developed, for the first time, a national, whole-of-government strategy to address our maternal health crisis. This strategy starts with the recognition that a concerted national effort to solve the crisis must begin with clear leadership and action from across the federal government. Addressing the maternal health crisis is not limited to a single health care policy or federal agency but should include experts across the government, including: the US Departments of Health and Human Services, Agriculture, Defense, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Justice, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Personnel Management, as well as the VA.

“The Biden-Harris Administration believes that only through this whole-of-government approach—one that considers the entirety of a person’s health and experiences over the course of their full life—will we finally be able to make real progress in tackling this longstanding challenge.”

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides health care to about 600,000 women veterans—half are of child-bearing age. Pregnancies in women veterans using VA care have increased by more than 80% since 2014, from 6950 in 2014 to 12,524 in 2022.

Until recently, VA maternity care coordinators would help women navigate health care from the beginning of pregnancy to 8 weeks postpartum. But “[e]vidence shows that new mothers often need support and care coordination long after 8 weeks postpartum, which is why VA is taking action to support veteran mothers for much longer after they give birth,” said Under Secretary for Health Shereef Elnahal, MD. As of October 1, 2023, the maternity support is now extended to 12 months postpartum.

The full range of maternity care services includes primary care, examinations, tests, ultrasounds, newborn care, and screening for social determinants of health, mental health risk factors, and relationship health and safety. Maternity care coordinators also connect veterans with care after delivery and ensure access to follow-up screenings.

The VA says expanding access to maternity care coordinators is part of the work it’s doing to implement the White House Blueprint for Addressing the Maternal Health Crisis, released last year. The US maternal mortality rate is the highest of any developed nation in the world and more than double the rate of peer countries, the report says. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2018 to 2021, the maternal death rate in the US increased from 17.4 to 32.9 per 100,000 live births.

Moreover, “[t]housands of women experience unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery that result in significant short- or long-term consequences to their health,” the White House report says, “such as heart issues, the need for blood transfusions, eclampsia, and blood infections.” Disturbingly, more than 80% of pregnancy-related deaths are preventable. Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women, regardless of income or education, are most likely to experience poor outcomes. Women who live in rural America—where there are many maternal care “deserts”—are about 60% more likely to die, the White House report says.

Quality care requires “care organized for and provided to all women in a manner that maintains their dignity, privacy, and confidentiality, ensures freedom from harm and mistreatment, and enables informed choice and con­tinuous support during labor and childbirth,” say CDC researchers who surveyed 2407 women about their maternity care experiences. One in 5 respondents reported instances of mistreatment. Roughly one-third of Black, Hispanic, and multiracial women reported, for instance, receiving no response to requests for help, being shouted at or scolded, not having their physical privacy protected, and being threatened with withholding treatment or made to accept unwanted treatment.

The White House Blueprint delineates several goals. One is to ”ensure those giving birth are heard and are decisionmakers in accountable systems of care…to improve quality of care, hold providers accountable, and prioritize patient needs and their experience before, during, and after pregnancy.”

The Blueprint advises, for instance, expanding the Hear Her campaign to include culturally relevant materials to raise awareness of urgent maternal warning signs and improve communication between patients and clinicians. It also urges addressing social determinants of maternal health, supporting projects to expand maternal mental health access, increasing access to digital tools, and expanding models that train maternal health care practitoners and students on how to address implicit bias and racism and screen for social determinants of health.

Answering its question of “how we get there,” the Blueprint says, “In working toward this vision, the Biden-Harris Administration has developed, for the first time, a national, whole-of-government strategy to address our maternal health crisis. This strategy starts with the recognition that a concerted national effort to solve the crisis must begin with clear leadership and action from across the federal government. Addressing the maternal health crisis is not limited to a single health care policy or federal agency but should include experts across the government, including: the US Departments of Health and Human Services, Agriculture, Defense, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Justice, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Personnel Management, as well as the VA.

“The Biden-Harris Administration believes that only through this whole-of-government approach—one that considers the entirety of a person’s health and experiences over the course of their full life—will we finally be able to make real progress in tackling this longstanding challenge.”