The Diagnosis: Granuloma Annulare

A biopsy of a lesion on the right flank demonstrated granulomatous inflammation and interstitial mucin (Figure), characteristic of granuloma annulare (GA).^1,2 Granuloma annulare is a relatively common skin disorder with an unknown etiology. It typically presents as smooth, annular, erythematous plaques.¹ The most common variants of GA are localized, generalized, and subcutaneous. Our case demonstrated Wolf isotopic response, an unrelated skin disease that forms at the same location as a previously healed skin lesion.² It is important to be aware of this phenomenon so that it is not confused with a recurrence of herpes zoster virus (HZV).

Although relatively infrequent, GA is the most common isotopic response following HZV infections.^3-5 Other postherpetic isotopic eruptions include cutaneous malignancies, lichen planus, sarcoidosis, morphea, reactive perforating collagenosis, psoriasis, and infections, among others.^3,5,6 The time between HZV infection and GA can be variable, ranging from a few weeks to many years apart.³

Oftentimes GA will spontaneously resolve within 2 years; however, recurrence is common.^7-9 There currently are no standard treatment guidelines. The most promising treatment options include intralesional or topical glucocorticoids for localized GA as well as phototherapy or hydroxychloroquine for widespread disease.^8,10  

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (also called actinic granuloma) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by erythematous annular papules or plaques mainly found on sun-exposed skin, such as the backs of the hands, forearms, or face.^11,12 Therefore, based on the distribution of our patient’s lesions, annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma was an unlikely diagnosis. Furthermore, it is not a known postherpetic isotopic reaction. Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma can appear histologically similar to GA. Differentiating histologic features include a nonpalisading granuloma as well as the absence of mucin and necrobiosis.¹²

Annular lichen planus is a long-recognized but uncommon clinical variant of lichen planus that typically presents as pruritic, purple, annular plaques on the penis, scrotum, or intertriginous areas.¹³ The violaceous coloring is more characteristic of lichen planus. Histology is helpful in differentiating from GA.

Nummular eczema presents as scattered, welldefined, pruritic, erythematous, coin-shaped, coin-sized plaques in patients with diffusely dry skin.¹⁴ The scaling and serous crusting as well as more prominent pruritus help distinguish it from GA. The appearance of nummular eczema is quite characteristic; therefore, a biopsy typically is unnecessary for diagnosis. However, a potassium hydroxide wet mount examination of a skin scraping should be performed if tinea corporis also is suspected.

Superficial erythema annulare centrifugum classically presents as an annular or arciform pruritic lesion with an advancing outer erythematous edge with an inner rim of scale that most commonly occurs on the lower extremities. ¹⁵ The presence of pruritus and trailing scale helps distinguish this lesion from GA. Histologically, there are epidermal changes of hyperplasia, spongiosis, and parakeratosis, as well as lymphohistiocytic infiltrate surrounding the superficial dermal vessels^.16

We report this case to highlight GA as the most common postherpetic isotopic response. It should be on the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with erythematous, smooth, annular plaques occurring in the distribution of a resolved case of HZV.

The Diagnosis: Granuloma Annulare

A biopsy of a lesion on the right flank demonstrated granulomatous inflammation and interstitial mucin (Figure), characteristic of granuloma annulare (GA).^1,2 Granuloma annulare is a relatively common skin disorder with an unknown etiology. It typically presents as smooth, annular, erythematous plaques.¹ The most common variants of GA are localized, generalized, and subcutaneous. Our case demonstrated Wolf isotopic response, an unrelated skin disease that forms at the same location as a previously healed skin lesion.² It is important to be aware of this phenomenon so that it is not confused with a recurrence of herpes zoster virus (HZV).

Although relatively infrequent, GA is the most common isotopic response following HZV infections.^3-5 Other postherpetic isotopic eruptions include cutaneous malignancies, lichen planus, sarcoidosis, morphea, reactive perforating collagenosis, psoriasis, and infections, among others.^3,5,6 The time between HZV infection and GA can be variable, ranging from a few weeks to many years apart.³

Oftentimes GA will spontaneously resolve within 2 years; however, recurrence is common.^7-9 There currently are no standard treatment guidelines. The most promising treatment options include intralesional or topical glucocorticoids for localized GA as well as phototherapy or hydroxychloroquine for widespread disease.^8,10  

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (also called actinic granuloma) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by erythematous annular papules or plaques mainly found on sun-exposed skin, such as the backs of the hands, forearms, or face.^11,12 Therefore, based on the distribution of our patient’s lesions, annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma was an unlikely diagnosis. Furthermore, it is not a known postherpetic isotopic reaction. Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma can appear histologically similar to GA. Differentiating histologic features include a nonpalisading granuloma as well as the absence of mucin and necrobiosis.¹²

Annular lichen planus is a long-recognized but uncommon clinical variant of lichen planus that typically presents as pruritic, purple, annular plaques on the penis, scrotum, or intertriginous areas.¹³ The violaceous coloring is more characteristic of lichen planus. Histology is helpful in differentiating from GA.

Nummular eczema presents as scattered, welldefined, pruritic, erythematous, coin-shaped, coin-sized plaques in patients with diffusely dry skin.¹⁴ The scaling and serous crusting as well as more prominent pruritus help distinguish it from GA. The appearance of nummular eczema is quite characteristic; therefore, a biopsy typically is unnecessary for diagnosis. However, a potassium hydroxide wet mount examination of a skin scraping should be performed if tinea corporis also is suspected.

Superficial erythema annulare centrifugum classically presents as an annular or arciform pruritic lesion with an advancing outer erythematous edge with an inner rim of scale that most commonly occurs on the lower extremities. ¹⁵ The presence of pruritus and trailing scale helps distinguish this lesion from GA. Histologically, there are epidermal changes of hyperplasia, spongiosis, and parakeratosis, as well as lymphohistiocytic infiltrate surrounding the superficial dermal vessels^.16

We report this case to highlight GA as the most common postherpetic isotopic response. It should be on the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with erythematous, smooth, annular plaques occurring in the distribution of a resolved case of HZV.

The Diagnosis: Granuloma Annulare

A biopsy of a lesion on the right flank demonstrated granulomatous inflammation and interstitial mucin (Figure), characteristic of granuloma annulare (GA).^1,2 Granuloma annulare is a relatively common skin disorder with an unknown etiology. It typically presents as smooth, annular, erythematous plaques.¹ The most common variants of GA are localized, generalized, and subcutaneous. Our case demonstrated Wolf isotopic response, an unrelated skin disease that forms at the same location as a previously healed skin lesion.² It is important to be aware of this phenomenon so that it is not confused with a recurrence of herpes zoster virus (HZV).

Although relatively infrequent, GA is the most common isotopic response following HZV infections.^3-5 Other postherpetic isotopic eruptions include cutaneous malignancies, lichen planus, sarcoidosis, morphea, reactive perforating collagenosis, psoriasis, and infections, among others.^3,5,6 The time between HZV infection and GA can be variable, ranging from a few weeks to many years apart.³

Oftentimes GA will spontaneously resolve within 2 years; however, recurrence is common.^7-9 There currently are no standard treatment guidelines. The most promising treatment options include intralesional or topical glucocorticoids for localized GA as well as phototherapy or hydroxychloroquine for widespread disease.^8,10  

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (also called actinic granuloma) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by erythematous annular papules or plaques mainly found on sun-exposed skin, such as the backs of the hands, forearms, or face.^11,12 Therefore, based on the distribution of our patient’s lesions, annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma was an unlikely diagnosis. Furthermore, it is not a known postherpetic isotopic reaction. Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma can appear histologically similar to GA. Differentiating histologic features include a nonpalisading granuloma as well as the absence of mucin and necrobiosis.¹²

Annular lichen planus is a long-recognized but uncommon clinical variant of lichen planus that typically presents as pruritic, purple, annular plaques on the penis, scrotum, or intertriginous areas.¹³ The violaceous coloring is more characteristic of lichen planus. Histology is helpful in differentiating from GA.

Nummular eczema presents as scattered, welldefined, pruritic, erythematous, coin-shaped, coin-sized plaques in patients with diffusely dry skin.¹⁴ The scaling and serous crusting as well as more prominent pruritus help distinguish it from GA. The appearance of nummular eczema is quite characteristic; therefore, a biopsy typically is unnecessary for diagnosis. However, a potassium hydroxide wet mount examination of a skin scraping should be performed if tinea corporis also is suspected.

Superficial erythema annulare centrifugum classically presents as an annular or arciform pruritic lesion with an advancing outer erythematous edge with an inner rim of scale that most commonly occurs on the lower extremities. ¹⁵ The presence of pruritus and trailing scale helps distinguish this lesion from GA. Histologically, there are epidermal changes of hyperplasia, spongiosis, and parakeratosis, as well as lymphohistiocytic infiltrate surrounding the superficial dermal vessels^.16

We report this case to highlight GA as the most common postherpetic isotopic response. It should be on the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with erythematous, smooth, annular plaques occurring in the distribution of a resolved case of HZV.

Key clinical point: Adagrasib shows favorable clinical efficacy without any new safety signals in patients with previously treated KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Among patients with measurable disease at baseline, 42.9% had a confirmed objective response. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 (95% CI 4.7-8.4) months. At a median follow-up of 15.6 months, the median overall survival was 12.6 (95% CI 9.2-19.2) months. The treatment-related adverse events of grade 1/2 and 3 occurred in 52.6% and 44.8% of patients, respectively.

Study details: This registrational phase 2 cohort study investigated adagrasib in 116 patients with KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without anti-programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 therapy.

Disclosures: The study was funded by Mirati Therapeutics. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including employment or stock options in Mirati Therapeutics.

Source: Jänne PA et al. Adagrasib in non–small-cell lung cancer harboring a KRAS^G12C mutation. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 3). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204619

Key clinical point: Adagrasib shows favorable clinical efficacy without any new safety signals in patients with previously treated KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Among patients with measurable disease at baseline, 42.9% had a confirmed objective response. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 (95% CI 4.7-8.4) months. At a median follow-up of 15.6 months, the median overall survival was 12.6 (95% CI 9.2-19.2) months. The treatment-related adverse events of grade 1/2 and 3 occurred in 52.6% and 44.8% of patients, respectively.

Study details: This registrational phase 2 cohort study investigated adagrasib in 116 patients with KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without anti-programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 therapy.

Disclosures: The study was funded by Mirati Therapeutics. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including employment or stock options in Mirati Therapeutics.

Source: Jänne PA et al. Adagrasib in non–small-cell lung cancer harboring a KRAS^G12C mutation. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 3). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204619

Key clinical point: Adagrasib shows favorable clinical efficacy without any new safety signals in patients with previously treated KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Among patients with measurable disease at baseline, 42.9% had a confirmed objective response. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 (95% CI 4.7-8.4) months. At a median follow-up of 15.6 months, the median overall survival was 12.6 (95% CI 9.2-19.2) months. The treatment-related adverse events of grade 1/2 and 3 occurred in 52.6% and 44.8% of patients, respectively.

Study details: This registrational phase 2 cohort study investigated adagrasib in 116 patients with KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without anti-programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 therapy.

Disclosures: The study was funded by Mirati Therapeutics. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including employment or stock options in Mirati Therapeutics.

Source: Jänne PA et al. Adagrasib in non–small-cell lung cancer harboring a KRAS^G12C mutation. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 3). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204619

Key clinical point: Cemiplimab appears to have the most favorable benefit-risk ratio among the analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Cemiplimab was associated with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) relative to chemotherapy (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0. 57-0.81), translating to the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 49.5%. Additionally, cemiplimab was associated with the lowest incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) relative to chemotherapy (odds ratio 0.17; 95% credible interval 0.06-0.45).

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (n = 7795). The SUCRA values of all ICI (cemiplimab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were determined for OS and TRAE.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Jiang M et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled studies. Front Oncol. 2022;12:827050 (May 10). Doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827050

Key clinical point: Cemiplimab appears to have the most favorable benefit-risk ratio among the analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Cemiplimab was associated with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) relative to chemotherapy (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0. 57-0.81), translating to the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 49.5%. Additionally, cemiplimab was associated with the lowest incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) relative to chemotherapy (odds ratio 0.17; 95% credible interval 0.06-0.45).

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (n = 7795). The SUCRA values of all ICI (cemiplimab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were determined for OS and TRAE.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Jiang M et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled studies. Front Oncol. 2022;12:827050 (May 10). Doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827050

Key clinical point: Cemiplimab appears to have the most favorable benefit-risk ratio among the analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Cemiplimab was associated with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) relative to chemotherapy (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0. 57-0.81), translating to the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 49.5%. Additionally, cemiplimab was associated with the lowest incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) relative to chemotherapy (odds ratio 0.17; 95% credible interval 0.06-0.45).

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (n = 7795). The SUCRA values of all ICI (cemiplimab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were determined for OS and TRAE.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Jiang M et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled studies. Front Oncol. 2022;12:827050 (May 10). Doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827050

Key clinical point: Adagrasib shows favorable clinical efficacy without any new safety signals in patients with previously treated KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Among patients with measurable disease at baseline, 42.9% had a confirmed objective response. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 (95% CI 4.7-8.4) months. At a median follow-up of 15.6 months, the median overall survival was 12.6 (95% CI 9.2-19.2) months. The treatment-related adverse events of grade 1/2 and 3 occurred in 52.6% and 44.8% of patients, respectively.

Study details: This registrational phase 2 cohort study investigated adagrasib in 116 patients with KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without anti-programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 therapy.

Disclosures: The study was funded by Mirati Therapeutics. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including employment or stock options in Mirati Therapeutics.

Source: Jänne PA et al. Adagrasib in non–small-cell lung cancer harboring a KRAS^G12C mutation. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 3). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204619

Key clinical point: Adagrasib shows favorable clinical efficacy without any new safety signals in patients with previously treated KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Among patients with measurable disease at baseline, 42.9% had a confirmed objective response. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 (95% CI 4.7-8.4) months. At a median follow-up of 15.6 months, the median overall survival was 12.6 (95% CI 9.2-19.2) months. The treatment-related adverse events of grade 1/2 and 3 occurred in 52.6% and 44.8% of patients, respectively.

Study details: This registrational phase 2 cohort study investigated adagrasib in 116 patients with KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without anti-programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 therapy.

Disclosures: The study was funded by Mirati Therapeutics. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including employment or stock options in Mirati Therapeutics.

Source: Jänne PA et al. Adagrasib in non–small-cell lung cancer harboring a KRAS^G12C mutation. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 3). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204619

Key clinical point: Adagrasib shows favorable clinical efficacy without any new safety signals in patients with previously treated KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Among patients with measurable disease at baseline, 42.9% had a confirmed objective response. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 (95% CI 4.7-8.4) months. At a median follow-up of 15.6 months, the median overall survival was 12.6 (95% CI 9.2-19.2) months. The treatment-related adverse events of grade 1/2 and 3 occurred in 52.6% and 44.8% of patients, respectively.

Study details: This registrational phase 2 cohort study investigated adagrasib in 116 patients with KRAS^G12C-mutated NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without anti-programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 therapy.

Disclosures: The study was funded by Mirati Therapeutics. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies, including employment or stock options in Mirati Therapeutics.

Source: Jänne PA et al. Adagrasib in non–small-cell lung cancer harboring a KRAS^G12C mutation. N Engl J Med. 2022 (Jun 3). Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2204619

Key clinical point: A modeling study suggests that the low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening of high-risk adults is likely to be cost saving by shifting lung cancer diagnosis to earlier stages.

Major finding: LDCT screening would lead to a stage shift toward earlier diagnosis, with 43% more patients being identified at stage I or II. The estimated screening costs, at $35.6 million, avoid $42 million in treating later stages of the disease, resulting in a cost saving of $6.65 million.

Study details: Canadian researchers used a decision analytic modeling technique to compare the benefits of earlier diagnosis of lung cancer with the costs of screening in current and former smokers aged 55-74 years.

Disclosures: The study did not receive any funding. A Tremblay and D Steward reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies or health organizations. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Thanh NX et al. Expected cost savings from low dose computed tomography scan screening for lung cancer in Alberta, Canada. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2022 (Jun 2). Doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100350

Key clinical point: A modeling study suggests that the low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening of high-risk adults is likely to be cost saving by shifting lung cancer diagnosis to earlier stages.

Major finding: LDCT screening would lead to a stage shift toward earlier diagnosis, with 43% more patients being identified at stage I or II. The estimated screening costs, at $35.6 million, avoid $42 million in treating later stages of the disease, resulting in a cost saving of $6.65 million.

Study details: Canadian researchers used a decision analytic modeling technique to compare the benefits of earlier diagnosis of lung cancer with the costs of screening in current and former smokers aged 55-74 years.

Disclosures: The study did not receive any funding. A Tremblay and D Steward reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies or health organizations. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Thanh NX et al. Expected cost savings from low dose computed tomography scan screening for lung cancer in Alberta, Canada. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2022 (Jun 2). Doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100350

Key clinical point: A modeling study suggests that the low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening of high-risk adults is likely to be cost saving by shifting lung cancer diagnosis to earlier stages.

Major finding: LDCT screening would lead to a stage shift toward earlier diagnosis, with 43% more patients being identified at stage I or II. The estimated screening costs, at $35.6 million, avoid $42 million in treating later stages of the disease, resulting in a cost saving of $6.65 million.

Study details: Canadian researchers used a decision analytic modeling technique to compare the benefits of earlier diagnosis of lung cancer with the costs of screening in current and former smokers aged 55-74 years.

Disclosures: The study did not receive any funding. A Tremblay and D Steward reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies or health organizations. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Thanh NX et al. Expected cost savings from low dose computed tomography scan screening for lung cancer in Alberta, Canada. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2022 (Jun 2). Doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100350

Key clinical point: Cemiplimab appears to have the most favorable benefit-risk ratio among the analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Cemiplimab was associated with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) relative to chemotherapy (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0. 57-0.81), translating to the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 49.5%. Additionally, cemiplimab was associated with the lowest incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) relative to chemotherapy (odds ratio 0.17; 95% credible interval 0.06-0.45).

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (n = 7795). The SUCRA values of all ICI (cemiplimab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were determined for OS and TRAE.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Jiang M et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled studies. Front Oncol. 2022;12:827050 (May 10). Doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827050

Key clinical point: Cemiplimab appears to have the most favorable benefit-risk ratio among the analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Cemiplimab was associated with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) relative to chemotherapy (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0. 57-0.81), translating to the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 49.5%. Additionally, cemiplimab was associated with the lowest incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) relative to chemotherapy (odds ratio 0.17; 95% credible interval 0.06-0.45).

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (n = 7795). The SUCRA values of all ICI (cemiplimab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were determined for OS and TRAE.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Jiang M et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled studies. Front Oncol. 2022;12:827050 (May 10). Doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827050

Key clinical point: Cemiplimab appears to have the most favorable benefit-risk ratio among the analyzed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Major finding: Cemiplimab was associated with the lowest hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) relative to chemotherapy (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0. 57-0.81), translating to the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of 49.5%. Additionally, cemiplimab was associated with the lowest incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) relative to chemotherapy (odds ratio 0.17; 95% credible interval 0.06-0.45).

Study details: The data come from a network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (n = 7795). The SUCRA values of all ICI (cemiplimab, avelumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) were determined for OS and TRAE.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Jiang M et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: A network meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled studies. Front Oncol. 2022;12:827050 (May 10). Doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827050

Key clinical point: A meta-analysis suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors are not very effective against brain metastases (BM) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), except in patients with a programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50%.

Major finding: In PD-L1 unselected patients with any BM, the pooled intracranial objective response rate (icORR) was 13% and intracranial disease control rate (icDCR) was 50%. In patients with PD-L1 TPS of ≥50%, the pooled icORR and icDCR increased to 68% and 82%, respectively.

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 33 cohort studies involving 12,154 patients with NSCLC and 2744 patients with NSCLC and BM.

Disclosures: The study was partially funded by the China National Major Project for New Drug Innovation. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Chen H et al. Brain metastases and immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2022 Jun 1. Doi: 10.1007/s00262-022-03224-2

Key clinical point: A meta-analysis suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors are not very effective against brain metastases (BM) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), except in patients with a programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50%.

Major finding: In PD-L1 unselected patients with any BM, the pooled intracranial objective response rate (icORR) was 13% and intracranial disease control rate (icDCR) was 50%. In patients with PD-L1 TPS of ≥50%, the pooled icORR and icDCR increased to 68% and 82%, respectively.

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 33 cohort studies involving 12,154 patients with NSCLC and 2744 patients with NSCLC and BM.

Disclosures: The study was partially funded by the China National Major Project for New Drug Innovation. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Chen H et al. Brain metastases and immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2022 Jun 1. Doi: 10.1007/s00262-022-03224-2

Key clinical point: A meta-analysis suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors are not very effective against brain metastases (BM) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), except in patients with a programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50%.

Major finding: In PD-L1 unselected patients with any BM, the pooled intracranial objective response rate (icORR) was 13% and intracranial disease control rate (icDCR) was 50%. In patients with PD-L1 TPS of ≥50%, the pooled icORR and icDCR increased to 68% and 82%, respectively.

Study details: The data come from a meta-analysis of 33 cohort studies involving 12,154 patients with NSCLC and 2744 patients with NSCLC and BM.

Disclosures: The study was partially funded by the China National Major Project for New Drug Innovation. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Chen H et al. Brain metastases and immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2022 Jun 1. Doi: 10.1007/s00262-022-03224-2

Key clinical point: Adebrelimab plus chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Major finding: The adebrelimab vs. placebo group demonstrated a longer median OS (15.3 vs. 12.8 months; hazard ratio 0.72; one-sided P = .0017). The frequency of treatment-related serious adverse events was 39% in the adebrelimab group vs. 28% in the placebo group.

Study details: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 CAPSTONE-1 trial included patients with ES-SCLC who were randomly assigned to receive the first-line adebrelimab (n = 230) or placebo (n = 232) on day 1 of each cycle plus chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide).

Disclosures: The study was funded by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. C Zhou reported ties with multiple pharmaceutical companies. B Zhang, W Shi, and X Zhang are employees of Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. The other authors declared no competing interests.

Source: Wang J et al. Adebrelimab or placebo plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CAPSTONE-1): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(6):739-747 (May 13). Doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00224-8

Key clinical point: Adebrelimab plus chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Major finding: The adebrelimab vs. placebo group demonstrated a longer median OS (15.3 vs. 12.8 months; hazard ratio 0.72; one-sided P = .0017). The frequency of treatment-related serious adverse events was 39% in the adebrelimab group vs. 28% in the placebo group.

Study details: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 CAPSTONE-1 trial included patients with ES-SCLC who were randomly assigned to receive the first-line adebrelimab (n = 230) or placebo (n = 232) on day 1 of each cycle plus chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide).

Disclosures: The study was funded by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. C Zhou reported ties with multiple pharmaceutical companies. B Zhang, W Shi, and X Zhang are employees of Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. The other authors declared no competing interests.

Source: Wang J et al. Adebrelimab or placebo plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CAPSTONE-1): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(6):739-747 (May 13). Doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00224-8

Key clinical point: Adebrelimab plus chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Major finding: The adebrelimab vs. placebo group demonstrated a longer median OS (15.3 vs. 12.8 months; hazard ratio 0.72; one-sided P = .0017). The frequency of treatment-related serious adverse events was 39% in the adebrelimab group vs. 28% in the placebo group.

Study details: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 CAPSTONE-1 trial included patients with ES-SCLC who were randomly assigned to receive the first-line adebrelimab (n = 230) or placebo (n = 232) on day 1 of each cycle plus chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide).

Disclosures: The study was funded by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. C Zhou reported ties with multiple pharmaceutical companies. B Zhang, W Shi, and X Zhang are employees of Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. The other authors declared no competing interests.

Source: Wang J et al. Adebrelimab or placebo plus carboplatin and etoposide as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CAPSTONE-1): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(6):739-747 (May 13). Doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00224-8

Key clinical point: Lorlatinib extends progression-free survival (PFS) and reduces central nervous system (CNS) progression compared with crizotinib in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and with or without brain metastases at baseline.

Major finding: In patients with and without baseline brain metastasis, lorlatinib vs. crizotinib improved the 12-month PFS (78% vs. 22% and 78% vs. 45%, respectively) and 12-month cumulative incidence of CNS progression (7% vs. 72% and 1% vs. 18%, respectively).

Study details: The data come from a post hoc analysis of the CROWN trial including patients with ALK+ NSCLC and with (n = 78) or without (n = 218) brain metastasis at baseline.

Disclosures: The CROWN trial was funded by Pfizer. Many authors reported ties with multiple pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer.

Source: Solomon BJ et al. Post hoc analysis of lorlatinib intracranial efficacy and safety in patients with ALK-positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer from the phase III CROWN study. J Clin Oncol. 2022 (May 23). Doi:  10.1200/JCO.21.02278

Key clinical point: Lorlatinib extends progression-free survival (PFS) and reduces central nervous system (CNS) progression compared with crizotinib in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and with or without brain metastases at baseline.

Major finding: In patients with and without baseline brain metastasis, lorlatinib vs. crizotinib improved the 12-month PFS (78% vs. 22% and 78% vs. 45%, respectively) and 12-month cumulative incidence of CNS progression (7% vs. 72% and 1% vs. 18%, respectively).

Study details: The data come from a post hoc analysis of the CROWN trial including patients with ALK+ NSCLC and with (n = 78) or without (n = 218) brain metastasis at baseline.

Disclosures: The CROWN trial was funded by Pfizer. Many authors reported ties with multiple pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer.

Source: Solomon BJ et al. Post hoc analysis of lorlatinib intracranial efficacy and safety in patients with ALK-positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer from the phase III CROWN study. J Clin Oncol. 2022 (May 23). Doi:  10.1200/JCO.21.02278

Key clinical point: Lorlatinib extends progression-free survival (PFS) and reduces central nervous system (CNS) progression compared with crizotinib in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and with or without brain metastases at baseline.

Major finding: In patients with and without baseline brain metastasis, lorlatinib vs. crizotinib improved the 12-month PFS (78% vs. 22% and 78% vs. 45%, respectively) and 12-month cumulative incidence of CNS progression (7% vs. 72% and 1% vs. 18%, respectively).

Study details: The data come from a post hoc analysis of the CROWN trial including patients with ALK+ NSCLC and with (n = 78) or without (n = 218) brain metastasis at baseline.

Disclosures: The CROWN trial was funded by Pfizer. Many authors reported ties with multiple pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer.

Source: Solomon BJ et al. Post hoc analysis of lorlatinib intracranial efficacy and safety in patients with ALK-positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer from the phase III CROWN study. J Clin Oncol. 2022 (May 23). Doi:  10.1200/JCO.21.02278

Key clinical point: Ever-smokers treated with the first-line pembrolizumab for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with never-smokers.

Major finding: Ever-smokers vs. never-smokers treated with the first-line pembrolizumab for advanced NSCLC had a 31% longer median OS (12.8 vs. 6.5 months; hazard ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.95) after adjusting for covariates.

Study details: The data come from a real-world retrospective cohort study of 1166 patients with advanced NSCLC (91 never-smokers and 1075 current or former smokers [ever-smokers]) treated with the first-line pembrolizumab in the U.S.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies or research organizations.

Source: Popat S et al. Association between smoking history and overall survival in patients receiving pembrolizumab for first-line treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2214046 (May 25). Doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14046

Key clinical point: Ever-smokers treated with the first-line pembrolizumab for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with never-smokers.

Major finding: Ever-smokers vs. never-smokers treated with the first-line pembrolizumab for advanced NSCLC had a 31% longer median OS (12.8 vs. 6.5 months; hazard ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.95) after adjusting for covariates.

Study details: The data come from a real-world retrospective cohort study of 1166 patients with advanced NSCLC (91 never-smokers and 1075 current or former smokers [ever-smokers]) treated with the first-line pembrolizumab in the U.S.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies or research organizations.

Source: Popat S et al. Association between smoking history and overall survival in patients receiving pembrolizumab for first-line treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2214046 (May 25). Doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14046

Key clinical point: Ever-smokers treated with the first-line pembrolizumab for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with never-smokers.

Major finding: Ever-smokers vs. never-smokers treated with the first-line pembrolizumab for advanced NSCLC had a 31% longer median OS (12.8 vs. 6.5 months; hazard ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.95) after adjusting for covariates.

Study details: The data come from a real-world retrospective cohort study of 1166 patients with advanced NSCLC (91 never-smokers and 1075 current or former smokers [ever-smokers]) treated with the first-line pembrolizumab in the U.S.

Disclosures: No funding source was identified. The authors reported ties with one or more pharmaceutical companies or research organizations.

Source: Popat S et al. Association between smoking history and overall survival in patients receiving pembrolizumab for first-line treatment of advanced non–small cell lung cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2214046 (May 25). Doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14046