Key clinical point: The sarcopenia index (SI; serum creatinine/serum cystatin C ratio) is significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: After adjusting for all confounders, SI was significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 0.95; P  =  .015).

Study details: The data come from a cross-sectional study of 174 patients with T2D, of which 43.7% were diagnosed with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Disclosures: The study received no specific funding. Some authors declared receiving honoraria, personal fees, r research grants from various sources.

Source: Hashimoto Y et al. Relationship between serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10:e002910 (Jun 23). Doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002910

Key clinical point: The sarcopenia index (SI; serum creatinine/serum cystatin C ratio) is significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: After adjusting for all confounders, SI was significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 0.95; P  =  .015).

Study details: The data come from a cross-sectional study of 174 patients with T2D, of which 43.7% were diagnosed with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Disclosures: The study received no specific funding. Some authors declared receiving honoraria, personal fees, r research grants from various sources.

Source: Hashimoto Y et al. Relationship between serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10:e002910 (Jun 23). Doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002910

Key clinical point: The sarcopenia index (SI; serum creatinine/serum cystatin C ratio) is significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Major finding: After adjusting for all confounders, SI was significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 0.95; P  =  .015).

Study details: The data come from a cross-sectional study of 174 patients with T2D, of which 43.7% were diagnosed with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Disclosures: The study received no specific funding. Some authors declared receiving honoraria, personal fees, r research grants from various sources.

Source: Hashimoto Y et al. Relationship between serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10:e002910 (Jun 23). Doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002910

Key clinical point: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), initiating or switching to insulin degludec/ aspart (IDegAsp) from other antidiabetic treatments was associated with improved glycemic control, lower basal insulin dose requirement in insulin-experienced patients, and lower rates of hypoglycemia.

Major finding: Patients with T2D initiating or switching to IDegAsp had a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (estimated difference [Δ] −1.4%; P < .0001), basal insulin dose requirements in insulin-experienced participants (Δ −2.3 units; P  =  .0004), and rates of hypoglycemia (P < .001).

Study details: Findings are from a real-world, prospective study including 1102 patients with T2D who initiated or switched to IDegAsp from other antidiabetic treatments.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared being employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared receiving speaker or consulting honoraria, research contracts, and teaching or research sponsorships; being consultants; or serving as advisory board or speaker panel members for various sources, including Novo Nordisk.

Source: Fulcher GR et al. Initiating or switching to insulin degludec/insulin aspart in adults with type 2 diabetes: A real-world, prospective, non-interventional study across six countries. Adv Ther. 2022 (Jun 25). Doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02212-3

Key clinical point: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), initiating or switching to insulin degludec/ aspart (IDegAsp) from other antidiabetic treatments was associated with improved glycemic control, lower basal insulin dose requirement in insulin-experienced patients, and lower rates of hypoglycemia.

Major finding: Patients with T2D initiating or switching to IDegAsp had a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (estimated difference [Δ] −1.4%; P < .0001), basal insulin dose requirements in insulin-experienced participants (Δ −2.3 units; P  =  .0004), and rates of hypoglycemia (P < .001).

Study details: Findings are from a real-world, prospective study including 1102 patients with T2D who initiated or switched to IDegAsp from other antidiabetic treatments.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared being employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared receiving speaker or consulting honoraria, research contracts, and teaching or research sponsorships; being consultants; or serving as advisory board or speaker panel members for various sources, including Novo Nordisk.

Source: Fulcher GR et al. Initiating or switching to insulin degludec/insulin aspart in adults with type 2 diabetes: A real-world, prospective, non-interventional study across six countries. Adv Ther. 2022 (Jun 25). Doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02212-3

Key clinical point: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), initiating or switching to insulin degludec/ aspart (IDegAsp) from other antidiabetic treatments was associated with improved glycemic control, lower basal insulin dose requirement in insulin-experienced patients, and lower rates of hypoglycemia.

Major finding: Patients with T2D initiating or switching to IDegAsp had a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (estimated difference [Δ] −1.4%; P < .0001), basal insulin dose requirements in insulin-experienced participants (Δ −2.3 units; P  =  .0004), and rates of hypoglycemia (P < .001).

Study details: Findings are from a real-world, prospective study including 1102 patients with T2D who initiated or switched to IDegAsp from other antidiabetic treatments.

Disclosures: This study was funded by Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared being employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared receiving speaker or consulting honoraria, research contracts, and teaching or research sponsorships; being consultants; or serving as advisory board or speaker panel members for various sources, including Novo Nordisk.

Source: Fulcher GR et al. Initiating or switching to insulin degludec/insulin aspart in adults with type 2 diabetes: A real-world, prospective, non-interventional study across six countries. Adv Ther. 2022 (Jun 25). Doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02212-3

Key clinical point: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with a significantly lower risk for all-cause and cause-specific death compared with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) use.

Major finding: Patients receiving SGLT2i vs DPP4i had a lower risk for all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.66; P < .001), cardiovascular death (aHR 0.68; P < .001), cancer death (aHR 0.73; P  =  .003), and noncancer and nonvascular death (aHR 0.62; P < .001).

Study details: This nationwide retrospective cohort study matched patients with T2D who initiated SGLT2i (n = 53,264) with those who initiated DPP4i (n = 53,264) using propensity score matching.

Disclosures: This study was partly supported by grants from China Medical University Hospital, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan. No competing interests were declared.

Source: Chung M-C et al. Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12:10147 (Jun 16). Doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13760-7

Key clinical point: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with a significantly lower risk for all-cause and cause-specific death compared with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) use.

Major finding: Patients receiving SGLT2i vs DPP4i had a lower risk for all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.66; P < .001), cardiovascular death (aHR 0.68; P < .001), cancer death (aHR 0.73; P  =  .003), and noncancer and nonvascular death (aHR 0.62; P < .001).

Study details: This nationwide retrospective cohort study matched patients with T2D who initiated SGLT2i (n = 53,264) with those who initiated DPP4i (n = 53,264) using propensity score matching.

Disclosures: This study was partly supported by grants from China Medical University Hospital, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan. No competing interests were declared.

Source: Chung M-C et al. Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12:10147 (Jun 16). Doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13760-7

Key clinical point: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with a significantly lower risk for all-cause and cause-specific death compared with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) use.

Major finding: Patients receiving SGLT2i vs DPP4i had a lower risk for all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.66; P < .001), cardiovascular death (aHR 0.68; P < .001), cancer death (aHR 0.73; P  =  .003), and noncancer and nonvascular death (aHR 0.62; P < .001).

Study details: This nationwide retrospective cohort study matched patients with T2D who initiated SGLT2i (n = 53,264) with those who initiated DPP4i (n = 53,264) using propensity score matching.

Disclosures: This study was partly supported by grants from China Medical University Hospital, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan. No competing interests were declared.

Source: Chung M-C et al. Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12:10147 (Jun 16). Doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13760-7

Key clinical point: Prusogliptin as an add-on therapy to metformin was superior to metformin monotherapy in improving glycemic control and was safe and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin.

Major finding: At week 24, prusogliptin + metformin vs metformin + placebo led to significantly higher reductions in glycated hemoglobin (least squares mean change [LSM] −0.70% vs −0.07%; P < .001), fasting plasma glucose (LSM −0.63 vs 0.07 mmol/L; P  =  .025), and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (LSM −2.43 vs −0.70 mmol/L; P < .001) levels, with the incidence of adverse events being similar between the treatment groups.

Study details: Findings are from a 24-week, superiority, phase 3 trial including 206 patients with T2D with blood glucose levels inadequately controlled on metformin who were randomly assigned to receive prusogliptin + metformin (n = 138) or placebo + metformin (n = 68).

Disclosures: This study was funded by the CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Some authors are employees of CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology.

Source: Xu J et al. Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (Jul 6). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14810

Key clinical point: Prusogliptin as an add-on therapy to metformin was superior to metformin monotherapy in improving glycemic control and was safe and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin.

Major finding: At week 24, prusogliptin + metformin vs metformin + placebo led to significantly higher reductions in glycated hemoglobin (least squares mean change [LSM] −0.70% vs −0.07%; P < .001), fasting plasma glucose (LSM −0.63 vs 0.07 mmol/L; P  =  .025), and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (LSM −2.43 vs −0.70 mmol/L; P < .001) levels, with the incidence of adverse events being similar between the treatment groups.

Study details: Findings are from a 24-week, superiority, phase 3 trial including 206 patients with T2D with blood glucose levels inadequately controlled on metformin who were randomly assigned to receive prusogliptin + metformin (n = 138) or placebo + metformin (n = 68).

Disclosures: This study was funded by the CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Some authors are employees of CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology.

Source: Xu J et al. Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (Jul 6). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14810

Key clinical point: Prusogliptin as an add-on therapy to metformin was superior to metformin monotherapy in improving glycemic control and was safe and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin.

Major finding: At week 24, prusogliptin + metformin vs metformin + placebo led to significantly higher reductions in glycated hemoglobin (least squares mean change [LSM] −0.70% vs −0.07%; P < .001), fasting plasma glucose (LSM −0.63 vs 0.07 mmol/L; P  =  .025), and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (LSM −2.43 vs −0.70 mmol/L; P < .001) levels, with the incidence of adverse events being similar between the treatment groups.

Study details: Findings are from a 24-week, superiority, phase 3 trial including 206 patients with T2D with blood glucose levels inadequately controlled on metformin who were randomly assigned to receive prusogliptin + metformin (n = 138) or placebo + metformin (n = 68).

Disclosures: This study was funded by the CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Some authors are employees of CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology.

Source: Xu J et al. Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 (Jul 6). Doi: 10.1111/dom.14810

Key clinical point: Initiation of semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) on high daily doses of insulin at baseline led to a significant improvement in glycemic control, body weight, and reduction in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin.

Major finding: From baseline to 6 months, the TDD of insulin (183 ± 98 to 143 ± 99 units, respectively), glycated hemoglobin level (8.9% ± 1.3% to 7.6% ± 1.5%, respectively), and body weight (123.9 ± 23.5 to 118.9 ± 22.9 kg, respectively; all P < .001) reduced significantly in patients on high daily doses of insulin who received semaglutide.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis including 72 patients with T2D on high TDD of insulin (≥100 units) who were prescribed semaglutide.

Disclosures: This study received no specific funding. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Meyer J et al. The effects of adding semaglutide to high daily dose insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 (Jul 1). Doi: 10.1177/10600280221107381

Key clinical point: Initiation of semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) on high daily doses of insulin at baseline led to a significant improvement in glycemic control, body weight, and reduction in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin.

Major finding: From baseline to 6 months, the TDD of insulin (183 ± 98 to 143 ± 99 units, respectively), glycated hemoglobin level (8.9% ± 1.3% to 7.6% ± 1.5%, respectively), and body weight (123.9 ± 23.5 to 118.9 ± 22.9 kg, respectively; all P < .001) reduced significantly in patients on high daily doses of insulin who received semaglutide.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis including 72 patients with T2D on high TDD of insulin (≥100 units) who were prescribed semaglutide.

Disclosures: This study received no specific funding. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Meyer J et al. The effects of adding semaglutide to high daily dose insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 (Jul 1). Doi: 10.1177/10600280221107381

Key clinical point: Initiation of semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) on high daily doses of insulin at baseline led to a significant improvement in glycemic control, body weight, and reduction in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin.

Major finding: From baseline to 6 months, the TDD of insulin (183 ± 98 to 143 ± 99 units, respectively), glycated hemoglobin level (8.9% ± 1.3% to 7.6% ± 1.5%, respectively), and body weight (123.9 ± 23.5 to 118.9 ± 22.9 kg, respectively; all P < .001) reduced significantly in patients on high daily doses of insulin who received semaglutide.

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis including 72 patients with T2D on high TDD of insulin (≥100 units) who were prescribed semaglutide.

Disclosures: This study received no specific funding. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Source: Meyer J et al. The effects of adding semaglutide to high daily dose insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 (Jul 1). Doi: 10.1177/10600280221107381

Key clinical point: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors significantly increased the risk for the composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases and cholecystitis but not for cholelithiasis and biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially those with a longer treatment duration.

Major finding: Compared with placebo or non-incretin drugs, DPP4 inhibitors were associated with a significantly higher risk for composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases (odds ratio [OR] 1.22; 95% CI 1.04-1.43) and cholecystitis (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.14-1.79), but not for cholelithiasis (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.83-1.39) and biliary diseases (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.68-1.47), and the association remained significant with the long-term (≥26 weeks) use of DPP4 inhibitors.

Study details: The data come from a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis of 82 randomized trials including 104,833 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: This study was partially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared receiving support from the funding institutions.

Source: He L et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary disease in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ. 2022;377:e068882 (Jun 28). Doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068882

Key clinical point: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors significantly increased the risk for the composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases and cholecystitis but not for cholelithiasis and biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially those with a longer treatment duration.

Major finding: Compared with placebo or non-incretin drugs, DPP4 inhibitors were associated with a significantly higher risk for composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases (odds ratio [OR] 1.22; 95% CI 1.04-1.43) and cholecystitis (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.14-1.79), but not for cholelithiasis (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.83-1.39) and biliary diseases (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.68-1.47), and the association remained significant with the long-term (≥26 weeks) use of DPP4 inhibitors.

Study details: The data come from a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis of 82 randomized trials including 104,833 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: This study was partially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared receiving support from the funding institutions.

Source: He L et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary disease in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ. 2022;377:e068882 (Jun 28). Doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068882

Key clinical point: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors significantly increased the risk for the composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases and cholecystitis but not for cholelithiasis and biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially those with a longer treatment duration.

Major finding: Compared with placebo or non-incretin drugs, DPP4 inhibitors were associated with a significantly higher risk for composite of gallbladder or biliary diseases (odds ratio [OR] 1.22; 95% CI 1.04-1.43) and cholecystitis (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.14-1.79), but not for cholelithiasis (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.83-1.39) and biliary diseases (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.68-1.47), and the association remained significant with the long-term (≥26 weeks) use of DPP4 inhibitors.

Study details: The data come from a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis of 82 randomized trials including 104,833 patients with T2D.

Disclosures: This study was partially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and others. The authors declared receiving support from the funding institutions.

Source: He L et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary disease in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ. 2022;377:e068882 (Jun 28). Doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068882

Key clinical point: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use was associated with a lower risk for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the use of either glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i).

Major finding: Use of SGLT2i was associated with a lower risk for new-onset AF compared with the use of DPP4i (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90; P  =  .0028) or GLP-1RA (HR 0.74; P  =  .0007), with no significant difference being observed between the risk associated with GLP-1RA and DPP4i (HR 1.01; P  =  .8980).

Study details: This was a retrospective cohort study that included 344,893, 44,370, and 393,100 patients with T2D and without preexisting AF who were treated with SGLT2i, GLP-1RA, and DPP4i, respectively.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. The authors declared no competing interests.

Source: Chan YH et al. The risk of incident atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: A nationwide cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21:118 (Jun 28). Doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01549-x

Key clinical point: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use was associated with a lower risk for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the use of either glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i).

Major finding: Use of SGLT2i was associated with a lower risk for new-onset AF compared with the use of DPP4i (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90; P  =  .0028) or GLP-1RA (HR 0.74; P  =  .0007), with no significant difference being observed between the risk associated with GLP-1RA and DPP4i (HR 1.01; P  =  .8980).

Study details: This was a retrospective cohort study that included 344,893, 44,370, and 393,100 patients with T2D and without preexisting AF who were treated with SGLT2i, GLP-1RA, and DPP4i, respectively.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. The authors declared no competing interests.

Source: Chan YH et al. The risk of incident atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: A nationwide cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21:118 (Jun 28). Doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01549-x

Key clinical point: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use was associated with a lower risk for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with the use of either glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i).

Major finding: Use of SGLT2i was associated with a lower risk for new-onset AF compared with the use of DPP4i (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90; P  =  .0028) or GLP-1RA (HR 0.74; P  =  .0007), with no significant difference being observed between the risk associated with GLP-1RA and DPP4i (HR 1.01; P  =  .8980).

Study details: This was a retrospective cohort study that included 344,893, 44,370, and 393,100 patients with T2D and without preexisting AF who were treated with SGLT2i, GLP-1RA, and DPP4i, respectively.

Disclosures: This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. The authors declared no competing interests.

Source: Chan YH et al. The risk of incident atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: A nationwide cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21:118 (Jun 28). Doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01549-x

Key clinical point: Once-weekly semaglutide plus lifestyle intervention significantly improved glucose parameters with a greater likelihood of achieving normoglycemia compared with placebo in patients with baseline prediabetes.

Major finding: Semaglutide vs placebo led to a significant reduction in the glycated hemoglobin level, fasting plasma glucose level, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (all P < .01), in addition to a significant increase in the proportion of patients experiencing normoglycemia (STEP 1: 84.1% vs 47.8%; STEP 3: 89.5% vs 55.0%; STEP 4: 89.8% vs 70.4%; P < .0001).

Study details: This was a post hoc analysis data of the STEP 1, 3, and 4 trials including 1536 patients with prediabetes who were randomly assigned to received semaglutide or placebo.

Disclosures: The STEP trials were funded by Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared receiving personal fees, speaker fees, advisory or consulting fees, and research funding or other support from various organizations. Three authors are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk.

Source: Perreault L et al. Changes in glucose metabolism and glycemic status with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg among participants with prediabetes in the STEP program. Diabetes Care. 2022 (Jul 5). Doi: 10.2337/dc21-1785

Key clinical point: Once-weekly semaglutide plus lifestyle intervention significantly improved glucose parameters with a greater likelihood of achieving normoglycemia compared with placebo in patients with baseline prediabetes.

Major finding: Semaglutide vs placebo led to a significant reduction in the glycated hemoglobin level, fasting plasma glucose level, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (all P < .01), in addition to a significant increase in the proportion of patients experiencing normoglycemia (STEP 1: 84.1% vs 47.8%; STEP 3: 89.5% vs 55.0%; STEP 4: 89.8% vs 70.4%; P < .0001).

Study details: This was a post hoc analysis data of the STEP 1, 3, and 4 trials including 1536 patients with prediabetes who were randomly assigned to received semaglutide or placebo.

Disclosures: The STEP trials were funded by Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared receiving personal fees, speaker fees, advisory or consulting fees, and research funding or other support from various organizations. Three authors are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk.

Source: Perreault L et al. Changes in glucose metabolism and glycemic status with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg among participants with prediabetes in the STEP program. Diabetes Care. 2022 (Jul 5). Doi: 10.2337/dc21-1785

Key clinical point: Once-weekly semaglutide plus lifestyle intervention significantly improved glucose parameters with a greater likelihood of achieving normoglycemia compared with placebo in patients with baseline prediabetes.

Major finding: Semaglutide vs placebo led to a significant reduction in the glycated hemoglobin level, fasting plasma glucose level, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (all P < .01), in addition to a significant increase in the proportion of patients experiencing normoglycemia (STEP 1: 84.1% vs 47.8%; STEP 3: 89.5% vs 55.0%; STEP 4: 89.8% vs 70.4%; P < .0001).

Study details: This was a post hoc analysis data of the STEP 1, 3, and 4 trials including 1536 patients with prediabetes who were randomly assigned to received semaglutide or placebo.

Disclosures: The STEP trials were funded by Novo Nordisk. Some authors declared receiving personal fees, speaker fees, advisory or consulting fees, and research funding or other support from various organizations. Three authors are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk.

Source: Perreault L et al. Changes in glucose metabolism and glycemic status with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg among participants with prediabetes in the STEP program. Diabetes Care. 2022 (Jul 5). Doi: 10.2337/dc21-1785

Key clinical point: Once-weekly efpeglenatide vs placebo led to significant improvements in glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a safety profile similar to that of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.

Major finding: At 30 weeks, 2 mg efpeglenatide (least squares mean difference [LSM] 0.5%; P  =  .0054), 4 mg (LSM 0.8%; P < .0001), and 6 mg (LSM 1.0%; P < .0001) vs placebo led to a significantly greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin levels, with a significant reduction in body weight with 4 and 6 mg efpeglenatide (both P < .05).

Study details: The data come from the AMPLITUDE-M trial including 406 patients with T2D inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone who were randomly assigned to receive efpeglenatide (n = 304) or placebo (n = 102).

Disclosures: This study was initially sponsored by Sanofi and thereafter, the sponsorship was transferred to Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Some authors reported serving as advisory board members or speakers and receiving research support from various organizations, including Sanofi. The other authors are employees of and hold stocks in  Sanofi or Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co.

Source: Frias JP et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly efpeglenatide monotherapy versus placebo in type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-M randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(7):1592-1600 (Jul 6). Doi:  10.2337/dc21-2656

Key clinical point: Once-weekly efpeglenatide vs placebo led to significant improvements in glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a safety profile similar to that of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.

Major finding: At 30 weeks, 2 mg efpeglenatide (least squares mean difference [LSM] 0.5%; P  =  .0054), 4 mg (LSM 0.8%; P < .0001), and 6 mg (LSM 1.0%; P < .0001) vs placebo led to a significantly greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin levels, with a significant reduction in body weight with 4 and 6 mg efpeglenatide (both P < .05).

Study details: The data come from the AMPLITUDE-M trial including 406 patients with T2D inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone who were randomly assigned to receive efpeglenatide (n = 304) or placebo (n = 102).

Disclosures: This study was initially sponsored by Sanofi and thereafter, the sponsorship was transferred to Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Some authors reported serving as advisory board members or speakers and receiving research support from various organizations, including Sanofi. The other authors are employees of and hold stocks in  Sanofi or Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co.

Source: Frias JP et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly efpeglenatide monotherapy versus placebo in type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-M randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(7):1592-1600 (Jul 6). Doi:  10.2337/dc21-2656

Key clinical point: Once-weekly efpeglenatide vs placebo led to significant improvements in glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a safety profile similar to that of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.

Major finding: At 30 weeks, 2 mg efpeglenatide (least squares mean difference [LSM] 0.5%; P  =  .0054), 4 mg (LSM 0.8%; P < .0001), and 6 mg (LSM 1.0%; P < .0001) vs placebo led to a significantly greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin levels, with a significant reduction in body weight with 4 and 6 mg efpeglenatide (both P < .05).

Study details: The data come from the AMPLITUDE-M trial including 406 patients with T2D inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone who were randomly assigned to receive efpeglenatide (n = 304) or placebo (n = 102).

Disclosures: This study was initially sponsored by Sanofi and thereafter, the sponsorship was transferred to Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Some authors reported serving as advisory board members or speakers and receiving research support from various organizations, including Sanofi. The other authors are employees of and hold stocks in  Sanofi or Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co.

Source: Frias JP et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly efpeglenatide monotherapy versus placebo in type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-M randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(7):1592-1600 (Jul 6). Doi:  10.2337/dc21-2656

The study by Huang and colleagues investigates the long-term effects and potential mechanisms of action of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) in patients with IBS with constipation (IBS-C) experiencing colonic transit issues and visceral hypersensitivity. Patients with IBS-C receiving TEA had increased frequency of spontaneous bowel movements and significant improvements in analog pain score compared with the placebo group. This supports the benefit of TEA for improving constipation and the concomitant symptoms by accelerating colonic transit and reducing rectal sensation. It can be inferred that the improvement of these symptoms will lead to enhanced quality of life in patients with IBS-C.

The study by Melchior and colleagues¹ emphasizes the effect that IBS can have on a patient's life. Patients with IBS report reduced disease-specific quality of life. The cumulative impact of the demographic factors and the severity of psychological symptoms, somatic symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with decreased quality of life. The severity of this impact is determined by the combination of these factors and the level of severity at which they occur. This decrease in quality of life can lead to increased anxiety related to gastrointestinal function. It is important for providers to acknowledge the effect that gastrointestinal function has on the patient's life in a broader sense. The appreciation and understanding of the patient experience enhances the therapeutic relationship and shared decision-making between the patient and the healthcare provider.

Additional References

1. Melchior C, Colomier E, Trindade IA, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: Factors of importance for disease-specific quality of life. United European Gastroenterol J. 2022 Jul 13. Doi: 10.1002/ueg2.12277  

The study by Huang and colleagues investigates the long-term effects and potential mechanisms of action of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) in patients with IBS with constipation (IBS-C) experiencing colonic transit issues and visceral hypersensitivity. Patients with IBS-C receiving TEA had increased frequency of spontaneous bowel movements and significant improvements in analog pain score compared with the placebo group. This supports the benefit of TEA for improving constipation and the concomitant symptoms by accelerating colonic transit and reducing rectal sensation. It can be inferred that the improvement of these symptoms will lead to enhanced quality of life in patients with IBS-C.

The study by Melchior and colleagues¹ emphasizes the effect that IBS can have on a patient's life. Patients with IBS report reduced disease-specific quality of life. The cumulative impact of the demographic factors and the severity of psychological symptoms, somatic symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with decreased quality of life. The severity of this impact is determined by the combination of these factors and the level of severity at which they occur. This decrease in quality of life can lead to increased anxiety related to gastrointestinal function. It is important for providers to acknowledge the effect that gastrointestinal function has on the patient's life in a broader sense. The appreciation and understanding of the patient experience enhances the therapeutic relationship and shared decision-making between the patient and the healthcare provider.

Additional References

1. Melchior C, Colomier E, Trindade IA, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: Factors of importance for disease-specific quality of life. United European Gastroenterol J. 2022 Jul 13. Doi: 10.1002/ueg2.12277  

The study by Huang and colleagues investigates the long-term effects and potential mechanisms of action of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) in patients with IBS with constipation (IBS-C) experiencing colonic transit issues and visceral hypersensitivity. Patients with IBS-C receiving TEA had increased frequency of spontaneous bowel movements and significant improvements in analog pain score compared with the placebo group. This supports the benefit of TEA for improving constipation and the concomitant symptoms by accelerating colonic transit and reducing rectal sensation. It can be inferred that the improvement of these symptoms will lead to enhanced quality of life in patients with IBS-C.

The study by Melchior and colleagues¹ emphasizes the effect that IBS can have on a patient's life. Patients with IBS report reduced disease-specific quality of life. The cumulative impact of the demographic factors and the severity of psychological symptoms, somatic symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with decreased quality of life. The severity of this impact is determined by the combination of these factors and the level of severity at which they occur. This decrease in quality of life can lead to increased anxiety related to gastrointestinal function. It is important for providers to acknowledge the effect that gastrointestinal function has on the patient's life in a broader sense. The appreciation and understanding of the patient experience enhances the therapeutic relationship and shared decision-making between the patient and the healthcare provider.

Additional References

1. Melchior C, Colomier E, Trindade IA, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: Factors of importance for disease-specific quality of life. United European Gastroenterol J. 2022 Jul 13. Doi: 10.1002/ueg2.12277