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BARCELONA – A modest amount of blood pressure control over an average of 4 years produced a significant, long-term survival benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes, based on a 10-year follow-up of more than 8,000 patients.
"It is critically important to maintain active blood-pressure lowering in both the short and long term in order to derive the greatest possible reductions in mortality and major cardiovascular events" in patients with type 2 diabetes, Dr. John Chalmers said at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology.
The results he reported showed that during 10 years of total follow-up, 4 years of concerted therapy with a dual antihypertensive-drug formulation on top of background therapy produced an average drop in blood pressure of 5.6/2.2 mm Hg, which was linked to a relative 9% decrease in mortality through the entire 10-year period.
Dr. Chalmers’ analysis used data from an average 6-year follow-up of patients after they completed a 4-year trial that had randomized them to treatment with either the combined formulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril and the diuretic indapamide, or to placebo. The 6-year assessment of these patients after they finished the closely regulated treatment phase while in the clinical trial is "the longest follow-up on the impact of blood pressure reduction in patients with diabetes," commented Dr. Lars Rydén, a cardiologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
"The greatest part of the overall, cumulative benefit [over a 10-year period] was contributed by the carry forward of the in-trial benefits of active BP lowering," said Dr. Chalmers, senior director of the George Institute for Global Health in Sydney, Australia.
His study focused on data collected from patients enrolled in the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation) trial. This study randomized 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes who were at least 55 years old and had at least one additional cardiovascular disease risk factor, to treatment with the combined formulation on top of their preexisting medications or to placebo plus existing medications (Lancet 2007;370:829-40). Patients in the placebo group were unable to receive an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor during the study. The study was sponsored by Servier, the company that markets a combined perindopril and indapamide formulation (Preterax).
At enrollment, ADVANCE patients averaged 66 years old, had an average 8-year history of type 2 diabetes, and had an average blood pressure of 145/81 mm Hg. Three-quarters were on an antihypertensive regimen of some kind at entry into the study.
During the study’s 4 years of active treatment, patients randomized to receive the perindopril and indapamide combination had significantly reduced blood pressure, compared with the control patients. After 4 years, this linked to a 9% relative drop in the combined incidence of major macrovascular and microvascular events (including cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal myocardial infarction). Compared with the control group, this cut in events was statistically significant for the study’s primary endpoint. The antihypertensive intervention also was linked to a statistically significant, 14% relative drop in all-cause deaths.
To assess the longer-term impact of this 4-year intervention, Dr. Chalmers and his associates ran a post-trial observational study, ADVANCE-ON. Initially, 8,494 of the patients who completed ADVANCE (83% of surviving patients) agreed to participate in ADVANCE-ON; after another 6 years of follow-up, 5,131 patients remained under observation. During the extended 6 years of follow-up, patients from both the initial intervention arm and the initial control arm all maintained average blood pressures of roughly 137/75 mm Hg. The blood pressures of the original intervention and control patient arms "fully converged," Dr. Chalmers said.
During this 6-year period, patients received care from their personal physicians and could receive any antihypertensive regimen their physician prescribed. At their first follow-up medical examination after the end of the main ADVANCE study, about 40% of patients were on no antihypertensive drugs, 23% were on one drug, 21% were on two drugs, and the remainder were on higher numbers of antihypertensive drugs.
During the 6-year post-trial period, patients who had previously been in the active-treatment arm had a 6% relative reduction in all-cause mortality, compared with patients originally in the control arm, a difference that was not significant.
But when the researchers combined the 6-year post-trial follow-up with the in-trial results for a total median 10-year follow-up, they found an overall 9% relative cut in mortality in the intervention patients, compared with the controls, and a relative 12% drop in cardiovascular mortality.
The persistent, long-term benefits were "attenuated" compared with the shorter-term benefits seen during the active phase, but nonetheless they persisted and were consistent across all subgroups studied, Dr. Chalmers said.
The ADVANCE and ADVANCE-ON studies were partly funded by Servier. Dr. Chalmers has received research grants and honoraria from that company. Dr. Rydén has been an adviser to AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and received research grants from Roche.
On Twitter @mitchelzoler
The findings from ADVANCE-ON are important. Clinicians need clear evidence that controlling a patient’s blood pressure produces long-term benefits, and the results from ADVANCE-ON provide this. We need many more studies that track the long-term impact of blood pressure reduction. Currently, a large fraction of patients with diabetes are not maintained at the recommended blood pressure levels. This report presents the longest follow-up of any antihypertensive intervention in patients with diabetes.
The findings also show that a small blood pressure reduction can have an important and long-lasting effect. This highlights the value of blood pressure control, even when the reduction achieved in an individual patient seems small.
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I believe that the effects linked with blood pressure reduction in ADVANCE-ON are likely generalizable to any antihypertensive regimen that produces a similar magnitude of effect. It is the blood pressure effect rather than the specific antihypertensive drugs used that is that critical, although drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are clearly the first choice for patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Dr. Lars Rydén is a cardiologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. He has been an adviser to AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and received research grants from Roche. He made these comments as designated discussant for the ADVANCE-ON report and in an interview.
The findings from ADVANCE-ON are important. Clinicians need clear evidence that controlling a patient’s blood pressure produces long-term benefits, and the results from ADVANCE-ON provide this. We need many more studies that track the long-term impact of blood pressure reduction. Currently, a large fraction of patients with diabetes are not maintained at the recommended blood pressure levels. This report presents the longest follow-up of any antihypertensive intervention in patients with diabetes.
The findings also show that a small blood pressure reduction can have an important and long-lasting effect. This highlights the value of blood pressure control, even when the reduction achieved in an individual patient seems small.
|
|
I believe that the effects linked with blood pressure reduction in ADVANCE-ON are likely generalizable to any antihypertensive regimen that produces a similar magnitude of effect. It is the blood pressure effect rather than the specific antihypertensive drugs used that is that critical, although drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are clearly the first choice for patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Dr. Lars Rydén is a cardiologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. He has been an adviser to AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and received research grants from Roche. He made these comments as designated discussant for the ADVANCE-ON report and in an interview.
The findings from ADVANCE-ON are important. Clinicians need clear evidence that controlling a patient’s blood pressure produces long-term benefits, and the results from ADVANCE-ON provide this. We need many more studies that track the long-term impact of blood pressure reduction. Currently, a large fraction of patients with diabetes are not maintained at the recommended blood pressure levels. This report presents the longest follow-up of any antihypertensive intervention in patients with diabetes.
The findings also show that a small blood pressure reduction can have an important and long-lasting effect. This highlights the value of blood pressure control, even when the reduction achieved in an individual patient seems small.
|
|
I believe that the effects linked with blood pressure reduction in ADVANCE-ON are likely generalizable to any antihypertensive regimen that produces a similar magnitude of effect. It is the blood pressure effect rather than the specific antihypertensive drugs used that is that critical, although drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are clearly the first choice for patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Dr. Lars Rydén is a cardiologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. He has been an adviser to AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and received research grants from Roche. He made these comments as designated discussant for the ADVANCE-ON report and in an interview.
BARCELONA – A modest amount of blood pressure control over an average of 4 years produced a significant, long-term survival benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes, based on a 10-year follow-up of more than 8,000 patients.
"It is critically important to maintain active blood-pressure lowering in both the short and long term in order to derive the greatest possible reductions in mortality and major cardiovascular events" in patients with type 2 diabetes, Dr. John Chalmers said at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology.
The results he reported showed that during 10 years of total follow-up, 4 years of concerted therapy with a dual antihypertensive-drug formulation on top of background therapy produced an average drop in blood pressure of 5.6/2.2 mm Hg, which was linked to a relative 9% decrease in mortality through the entire 10-year period.
Dr. Chalmers’ analysis used data from an average 6-year follow-up of patients after they completed a 4-year trial that had randomized them to treatment with either the combined formulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril and the diuretic indapamide, or to placebo. The 6-year assessment of these patients after they finished the closely regulated treatment phase while in the clinical trial is "the longest follow-up on the impact of blood pressure reduction in patients with diabetes," commented Dr. Lars Rydén, a cardiologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
"The greatest part of the overall, cumulative benefit [over a 10-year period] was contributed by the carry forward of the in-trial benefits of active BP lowering," said Dr. Chalmers, senior director of the George Institute for Global Health in Sydney, Australia.
His study focused on data collected from patients enrolled in the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation) trial. This study randomized 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes who were at least 55 years old and had at least one additional cardiovascular disease risk factor, to treatment with the combined formulation on top of their preexisting medications or to placebo plus existing medications (Lancet 2007;370:829-40). Patients in the placebo group were unable to receive an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor during the study. The study was sponsored by Servier, the company that markets a combined perindopril and indapamide formulation (Preterax).
At enrollment, ADVANCE patients averaged 66 years old, had an average 8-year history of type 2 diabetes, and had an average blood pressure of 145/81 mm Hg. Three-quarters were on an antihypertensive regimen of some kind at entry into the study.
During the study’s 4 years of active treatment, patients randomized to receive the perindopril and indapamide combination had significantly reduced blood pressure, compared with the control patients. After 4 years, this linked to a 9% relative drop in the combined incidence of major macrovascular and microvascular events (including cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal myocardial infarction). Compared with the control group, this cut in events was statistically significant for the study’s primary endpoint. The antihypertensive intervention also was linked to a statistically significant, 14% relative drop in all-cause deaths.
To assess the longer-term impact of this 4-year intervention, Dr. Chalmers and his associates ran a post-trial observational study, ADVANCE-ON. Initially, 8,494 of the patients who completed ADVANCE (83% of surviving patients) agreed to participate in ADVANCE-ON; after another 6 years of follow-up, 5,131 patients remained under observation. During the extended 6 years of follow-up, patients from both the initial intervention arm and the initial control arm all maintained average blood pressures of roughly 137/75 mm Hg. The blood pressures of the original intervention and control patient arms "fully converged," Dr. Chalmers said.
During this 6-year period, patients received care from their personal physicians and could receive any antihypertensive regimen their physician prescribed. At their first follow-up medical examination after the end of the main ADVANCE study, about 40% of patients were on no antihypertensive drugs, 23% were on one drug, 21% were on two drugs, and the remainder were on higher numbers of antihypertensive drugs.
During the 6-year post-trial period, patients who had previously been in the active-treatment arm had a 6% relative reduction in all-cause mortality, compared with patients originally in the control arm, a difference that was not significant.
But when the researchers combined the 6-year post-trial follow-up with the in-trial results for a total median 10-year follow-up, they found an overall 9% relative cut in mortality in the intervention patients, compared with the controls, and a relative 12% drop in cardiovascular mortality.
The persistent, long-term benefits were "attenuated" compared with the shorter-term benefits seen during the active phase, but nonetheless they persisted and were consistent across all subgroups studied, Dr. Chalmers said.
The ADVANCE and ADVANCE-ON studies were partly funded by Servier. Dr. Chalmers has received research grants and honoraria from that company. Dr. Rydén has been an adviser to AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and received research grants from Roche.
On Twitter @mitchelzoler
BARCELONA – A modest amount of blood pressure control over an average of 4 years produced a significant, long-term survival benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes, based on a 10-year follow-up of more than 8,000 patients.
"It is critically important to maintain active blood-pressure lowering in both the short and long term in order to derive the greatest possible reductions in mortality and major cardiovascular events" in patients with type 2 diabetes, Dr. John Chalmers said at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology.
The results he reported showed that during 10 years of total follow-up, 4 years of concerted therapy with a dual antihypertensive-drug formulation on top of background therapy produced an average drop in blood pressure of 5.6/2.2 mm Hg, which was linked to a relative 9% decrease in mortality through the entire 10-year period.
Dr. Chalmers’ analysis used data from an average 6-year follow-up of patients after they completed a 4-year trial that had randomized them to treatment with either the combined formulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril and the diuretic indapamide, or to placebo. The 6-year assessment of these patients after they finished the closely regulated treatment phase while in the clinical trial is "the longest follow-up on the impact of blood pressure reduction in patients with diabetes," commented Dr. Lars Rydén, a cardiologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
"The greatest part of the overall, cumulative benefit [over a 10-year period] was contributed by the carry forward of the in-trial benefits of active BP lowering," said Dr. Chalmers, senior director of the George Institute for Global Health in Sydney, Australia.
His study focused on data collected from patients enrolled in the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation) trial. This study randomized 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes who were at least 55 years old and had at least one additional cardiovascular disease risk factor, to treatment with the combined formulation on top of their preexisting medications or to placebo plus existing medications (Lancet 2007;370:829-40). Patients in the placebo group were unable to receive an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor during the study. The study was sponsored by Servier, the company that markets a combined perindopril and indapamide formulation (Preterax).
At enrollment, ADVANCE patients averaged 66 years old, had an average 8-year history of type 2 diabetes, and had an average blood pressure of 145/81 mm Hg. Three-quarters were on an antihypertensive regimen of some kind at entry into the study.
During the study’s 4 years of active treatment, patients randomized to receive the perindopril and indapamide combination had significantly reduced blood pressure, compared with the control patients. After 4 years, this linked to a 9% relative drop in the combined incidence of major macrovascular and microvascular events (including cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal myocardial infarction). Compared with the control group, this cut in events was statistically significant for the study’s primary endpoint. The antihypertensive intervention also was linked to a statistically significant, 14% relative drop in all-cause deaths.
To assess the longer-term impact of this 4-year intervention, Dr. Chalmers and his associates ran a post-trial observational study, ADVANCE-ON. Initially, 8,494 of the patients who completed ADVANCE (83% of surviving patients) agreed to participate in ADVANCE-ON; after another 6 years of follow-up, 5,131 patients remained under observation. During the extended 6 years of follow-up, patients from both the initial intervention arm and the initial control arm all maintained average blood pressures of roughly 137/75 mm Hg. The blood pressures of the original intervention and control patient arms "fully converged," Dr. Chalmers said.
During this 6-year period, patients received care from their personal physicians and could receive any antihypertensive regimen their physician prescribed. At their first follow-up medical examination after the end of the main ADVANCE study, about 40% of patients were on no antihypertensive drugs, 23% were on one drug, 21% were on two drugs, and the remainder were on higher numbers of antihypertensive drugs.
During the 6-year post-trial period, patients who had previously been in the active-treatment arm had a 6% relative reduction in all-cause mortality, compared with patients originally in the control arm, a difference that was not significant.
But when the researchers combined the 6-year post-trial follow-up with the in-trial results for a total median 10-year follow-up, they found an overall 9% relative cut in mortality in the intervention patients, compared with the controls, and a relative 12% drop in cardiovascular mortality.
The persistent, long-term benefits were "attenuated" compared with the shorter-term benefits seen during the active phase, but nonetheless they persisted and were consistent across all subgroups studied, Dr. Chalmers said.
The ADVANCE and ADVANCE-ON studies were partly funded by Servier. Dr. Chalmers has received research grants and honoraria from that company. Dr. Rydén has been an adviser to AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and received research grants from Roche.
On Twitter @mitchelzoler
AT THE ESC CONGRESS 2014
Key clinical point: The survival benefit from 4 years of concerted antihypertensive treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes persisted for at least another 6 years.
Major finding: During a median 10-year follow-up, 4 years of active antihypertensive treatment cut mortality by 9%, compared with controls in diabetic patients.
Data source: ADVANCE-ON, a 10-year follow-up of 8,494 patients initially enrolled in ADVANCE, a 4-year, controlled, randomized trial that began with 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes and at least one other cardiovascular risk factor.
Disclosures:. The ADVANCE and ADVANCE-ON studies were partly funded by Servier. Dr. Chalmers has received research grants and honoraria from that company. Dr. Rydén has been an adviser to AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and received research grants from Roche.
