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BERLIN – Lower rates of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improved glycemic control were two of the metabolic effects seen with the appetite-suppressant drug lorcaserin versus placebo on top of existing lifestyle management measures in a large-scale trial of more than 12,000 overweight or obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease or T2DM and other cardiovascular risk factors.
In the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial, treatment with a twice-daily, 10-mg dose of lorcaserin for a median of 3.3 years was associated with a significant 19% reduction in the risk of incident T2DM in participants with prediabetes, compared with placebo (8.5% vs. 10.3%; hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.99; P = .038). The reduction in the risk of incident T2DM was even greater (23%) in people without diabetes at baseline (6.7% lorcaserin vs. 8.4% placebo; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94; P = .012).
Furthermore, in patients with T2DM who had a mean baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7%, an absolute 0.33% reduction was seen at 1 year between the lorcaserin and placebo groups, with more modest but still significant between-group reductions (–0.09% and –0.08%) in individuals with prediabetes or normoglycemia (all P less than .0001). When baseline HbA1c levels were higher in patients with T2DM (8%), greater net reductions (0.52%) versus placebo were seen (P less than .0001).
These were some of the metabolic findings, published online in the Lancet to coincide with their presentation at the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, that add to those already released from the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial on cardiovascular safety, lead author and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) group investigator Erin A. Bohula May, MD, observed during a press conference.
The cardiovascular safety data were presented at the 2018 annual congress of the European Society for Cardiology in August and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. These showed no increase with lorcaserin versus placebo in the risk of achieving a major cardiovascular endpoint (MACE) of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.14; P less than .001 for noninferiority). There was also no difference between groups in the cumulative incidence of MACE+, which included heart failure, hospitalization for unstable angina, and the need for coronary revascularization (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07; P = .55 for superiority).
“We know that weight loss can improve cardiovascular and glycemic risk factors, but it’s difficult to achieve and maintain, and weight-loss agents are guideline-recommended adjuncts to lifestyle modification,” said Dr. Bohula May, who is a cardiovascular medicine and critical care specialist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
“However, prior to this study no agent had convincingly demonstrated cardiovascular safety in a rigorous clinical outcomes study,” she said, noting that several agents, such as the now-withdrawn rimonabant (Acomplia/Zimulti) and sibutramine (Meridia), had been shown to precipitate cardiovascular or psychiatric events, which led the Food and Drug Administration to mandate that all weight-loss drugs be assessed for cardiovascular safety. Lorcaserin (Belviq) is a centrally acting 5-HT2C agonist that works by decreasing appetite and was approved by the FDA in 2012 but is not currently available in Europe.
Long-term data on the effects of weight-loss agents on glycemic parameters were limited, hence the remit of the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial was to assess both the cardiovascular and metabolic safety of lorcaserin. The drug was used on a background of lifestyle modification in 6,000 obese or overweight individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. A further 6,000 individuals received placebo.
“Lorcaserin induced and maintained weight loss across the glycemic categories,” said coauthor and TIMI group investigator Benjamin Scirica, MD, also of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, who presented the metabolic data during a scientific session at the EASD meeting. Specifically, there was a net weight loss beyond that seen with placebo of 2.6 kg, 2.8 kg, and 3.3 kg in individuals with T2DM, prediabetes, and normoglycemia, respectively.
“Roughly 40% of patients with lorcaserin achieved a 5% weight loss, and about 14%-18% achieved a 10% weight loss across the glycemic categories,” Dr. Scirica reported. The corresponding values for the placebo-treated patients were 17%-18% and 4%-7%.
Naveed Sattar, MD, the independent commentator for the trial, noted the weight-loss reduction seen “was modest in the context of this trial, but I think the important point was that it was sustained. Sustained weight loss is difficult, and it was sustained on top of lifestyle and on top of the other drugs, and that is important.”
However, Dr. Sattar, who is professor and honorary consultant in cardiovascular and medical sciences at the University of Glasgow (Scotland), also observed that “as night follows day, glycemic improvements follow weight loss.” So, did the glycemic parameters improve purely because of the weight loss? While there is some preclinical evidence that lorcaserin may have an effect outside of its weight-lowering effects, Dr. Sattar felt this was unlikely to be clinically significant in itself.
“Obesity is probably the biggest challenge we have in the medical profession. We’ve got excellent cholesterol-lowering, blood pressure–lowering, and diabetes drugs. Yet obesity and complications are rising worldwide” and “safe weight-loss drugs remain sparse,” Dr. Sattar said.
He suggested that lorcaserin may well have an adjunctive place in the current treatment paradigm, but that place is probably “down the line” after other measures with greater weight-reducing effects or proven cardiovascular benefits were used. Not only are lifestyle modification approaches improving, Dr. Sattar said, but there are also over-the-counter options such as orlistat (Xenical), metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagonlike peptide receptor–1 agonists, and bariatric surgery that are likely to be used first.
“This is a fantastically well done trial, we needed it,” Dr. Sattar said. However, because there was modest weight loss and no real cardiovascular benefit (but also no cardiovascular safety concern) he called the results “a bust” saying that “we have to take them at face value for what they are.”
Dr. Sattar noted that his “gut feeling at the moment is that the clinical role for lorcaserin is probably, at best, a down-the-line adjunct in those who are still obese for additional weight reduction on top of other drugs and lifestyle modifications, particularly in those who are ‘super responders.’ ” This is so long as the safety signals remain strong and there are quality of life benefits, he added.
The study was designed by the TIMI Study Group in conjunction with the executive committee and the trial sponsor, Eisai. Dr. Bohula May and Dr. Scirica reported receiving grants from Eisai, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Sattar reported grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim, and being part of an advisory board or speaker’s bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi.
SOURCES: Bohula May EA et al. Lancet. 2018 Oct 4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32328-6; Bohula May EA et al. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379:1107-17; Sattar N. EASD 2018, Session S33.
BERLIN – Lower rates of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improved glycemic control were two of the metabolic effects seen with the appetite-suppressant drug lorcaserin versus placebo on top of existing lifestyle management measures in a large-scale trial of more than 12,000 overweight or obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease or T2DM and other cardiovascular risk factors.
In the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial, treatment with a twice-daily, 10-mg dose of lorcaserin for a median of 3.3 years was associated with a significant 19% reduction in the risk of incident T2DM in participants with prediabetes, compared with placebo (8.5% vs. 10.3%; hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.99; P = .038). The reduction in the risk of incident T2DM was even greater (23%) in people without diabetes at baseline (6.7% lorcaserin vs. 8.4% placebo; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94; P = .012).
Furthermore, in patients with T2DM who had a mean baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7%, an absolute 0.33% reduction was seen at 1 year between the lorcaserin and placebo groups, with more modest but still significant between-group reductions (–0.09% and –0.08%) in individuals with prediabetes or normoglycemia (all P less than .0001). When baseline HbA1c levels were higher in patients with T2DM (8%), greater net reductions (0.52%) versus placebo were seen (P less than .0001).
These were some of the metabolic findings, published online in the Lancet to coincide with their presentation at the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, that add to those already released from the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial on cardiovascular safety, lead author and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) group investigator Erin A. Bohula May, MD, observed during a press conference.
The cardiovascular safety data were presented at the 2018 annual congress of the European Society for Cardiology in August and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. These showed no increase with lorcaserin versus placebo in the risk of achieving a major cardiovascular endpoint (MACE) of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.14; P less than .001 for noninferiority). There was also no difference between groups in the cumulative incidence of MACE+, which included heart failure, hospitalization for unstable angina, and the need for coronary revascularization (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07; P = .55 for superiority).
“We know that weight loss can improve cardiovascular and glycemic risk factors, but it’s difficult to achieve and maintain, and weight-loss agents are guideline-recommended adjuncts to lifestyle modification,” said Dr. Bohula May, who is a cardiovascular medicine and critical care specialist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
“However, prior to this study no agent had convincingly demonstrated cardiovascular safety in a rigorous clinical outcomes study,” she said, noting that several agents, such as the now-withdrawn rimonabant (Acomplia/Zimulti) and sibutramine (Meridia), had been shown to precipitate cardiovascular or psychiatric events, which led the Food and Drug Administration to mandate that all weight-loss drugs be assessed for cardiovascular safety. Lorcaserin (Belviq) is a centrally acting 5-HT2C agonist that works by decreasing appetite and was approved by the FDA in 2012 but is not currently available in Europe.
Long-term data on the effects of weight-loss agents on glycemic parameters were limited, hence the remit of the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial was to assess both the cardiovascular and metabolic safety of lorcaserin. The drug was used on a background of lifestyle modification in 6,000 obese or overweight individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. A further 6,000 individuals received placebo.
“Lorcaserin induced and maintained weight loss across the glycemic categories,” said coauthor and TIMI group investigator Benjamin Scirica, MD, also of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, who presented the metabolic data during a scientific session at the EASD meeting. Specifically, there was a net weight loss beyond that seen with placebo of 2.6 kg, 2.8 kg, and 3.3 kg in individuals with T2DM, prediabetes, and normoglycemia, respectively.
“Roughly 40% of patients with lorcaserin achieved a 5% weight loss, and about 14%-18% achieved a 10% weight loss across the glycemic categories,” Dr. Scirica reported. The corresponding values for the placebo-treated patients were 17%-18% and 4%-7%.
Naveed Sattar, MD, the independent commentator for the trial, noted the weight-loss reduction seen “was modest in the context of this trial, but I think the important point was that it was sustained. Sustained weight loss is difficult, and it was sustained on top of lifestyle and on top of the other drugs, and that is important.”
However, Dr. Sattar, who is professor and honorary consultant in cardiovascular and medical sciences at the University of Glasgow (Scotland), also observed that “as night follows day, glycemic improvements follow weight loss.” So, did the glycemic parameters improve purely because of the weight loss? While there is some preclinical evidence that lorcaserin may have an effect outside of its weight-lowering effects, Dr. Sattar felt this was unlikely to be clinically significant in itself.
“Obesity is probably the biggest challenge we have in the medical profession. We’ve got excellent cholesterol-lowering, blood pressure–lowering, and diabetes drugs. Yet obesity and complications are rising worldwide” and “safe weight-loss drugs remain sparse,” Dr. Sattar said.
He suggested that lorcaserin may well have an adjunctive place in the current treatment paradigm, but that place is probably “down the line” after other measures with greater weight-reducing effects or proven cardiovascular benefits were used. Not only are lifestyle modification approaches improving, Dr. Sattar said, but there are also over-the-counter options such as orlistat (Xenical), metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagonlike peptide receptor–1 agonists, and bariatric surgery that are likely to be used first.
“This is a fantastically well done trial, we needed it,” Dr. Sattar said. However, because there was modest weight loss and no real cardiovascular benefit (but also no cardiovascular safety concern) he called the results “a bust” saying that “we have to take them at face value for what they are.”
Dr. Sattar noted that his “gut feeling at the moment is that the clinical role for lorcaserin is probably, at best, a down-the-line adjunct in those who are still obese for additional weight reduction on top of other drugs and lifestyle modifications, particularly in those who are ‘super responders.’ ” This is so long as the safety signals remain strong and there are quality of life benefits, he added.
The study was designed by the TIMI Study Group in conjunction with the executive committee and the trial sponsor, Eisai. Dr. Bohula May and Dr. Scirica reported receiving grants from Eisai, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Sattar reported grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim, and being part of an advisory board or speaker’s bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi.
SOURCES: Bohula May EA et al. Lancet. 2018 Oct 4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32328-6; Bohula May EA et al. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379:1107-17; Sattar N. EASD 2018, Session S33.
BERLIN – Lower rates of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improved glycemic control were two of the metabolic effects seen with the appetite-suppressant drug lorcaserin versus placebo on top of existing lifestyle management measures in a large-scale trial of more than 12,000 overweight or obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease or T2DM and other cardiovascular risk factors.
In the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial, treatment with a twice-daily, 10-mg dose of lorcaserin for a median of 3.3 years was associated with a significant 19% reduction in the risk of incident T2DM in participants with prediabetes, compared with placebo (8.5% vs. 10.3%; hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.99; P = .038). The reduction in the risk of incident T2DM was even greater (23%) in people without diabetes at baseline (6.7% lorcaserin vs. 8.4% placebo; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.94; P = .012).
Furthermore, in patients with T2DM who had a mean baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7%, an absolute 0.33% reduction was seen at 1 year between the lorcaserin and placebo groups, with more modest but still significant between-group reductions (–0.09% and –0.08%) in individuals with prediabetes or normoglycemia (all P less than .0001). When baseline HbA1c levels were higher in patients with T2DM (8%), greater net reductions (0.52%) versus placebo were seen (P less than .0001).
These were some of the metabolic findings, published online in the Lancet to coincide with their presentation at the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, that add to those already released from the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial on cardiovascular safety, lead author and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) group investigator Erin A. Bohula May, MD, observed during a press conference.
The cardiovascular safety data were presented at the 2018 annual congress of the European Society for Cardiology in August and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. These showed no increase with lorcaserin versus placebo in the risk of achieving a major cardiovascular endpoint (MACE) of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.14; P less than .001 for noninferiority). There was also no difference between groups in the cumulative incidence of MACE+, which included heart failure, hospitalization for unstable angina, and the need for coronary revascularization (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07; P = .55 for superiority).
“We know that weight loss can improve cardiovascular and glycemic risk factors, but it’s difficult to achieve and maintain, and weight-loss agents are guideline-recommended adjuncts to lifestyle modification,” said Dr. Bohula May, who is a cardiovascular medicine and critical care specialist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
“However, prior to this study no agent had convincingly demonstrated cardiovascular safety in a rigorous clinical outcomes study,” she said, noting that several agents, such as the now-withdrawn rimonabant (Acomplia/Zimulti) and sibutramine (Meridia), had been shown to precipitate cardiovascular or psychiatric events, which led the Food and Drug Administration to mandate that all weight-loss drugs be assessed for cardiovascular safety. Lorcaserin (Belviq) is a centrally acting 5-HT2C agonist that works by decreasing appetite and was approved by the FDA in 2012 but is not currently available in Europe.
Long-term data on the effects of weight-loss agents on glycemic parameters were limited, hence the remit of the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial was to assess both the cardiovascular and metabolic safety of lorcaserin. The drug was used on a background of lifestyle modification in 6,000 obese or overweight individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. A further 6,000 individuals received placebo.
“Lorcaserin induced and maintained weight loss across the glycemic categories,” said coauthor and TIMI group investigator Benjamin Scirica, MD, also of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, who presented the metabolic data during a scientific session at the EASD meeting. Specifically, there was a net weight loss beyond that seen with placebo of 2.6 kg, 2.8 kg, and 3.3 kg in individuals with T2DM, prediabetes, and normoglycemia, respectively.
“Roughly 40% of patients with lorcaserin achieved a 5% weight loss, and about 14%-18% achieved a 10% weight loss across the glycemic categories,” Dr. Scirica reported. The corresponding values for the placebo-treated patients were 17%-18% and 4%-7%.
Naveed Sattar, MD, the independent commentator for the trial, noted the weight-loss reduction seen “was modest in the context of this trial, but I think the important point was that it was sustained. Sustained weight loss is difficult, and it was sustained on top of lifestyle and on top of the other drugs, and that is important.”
However, Dr. Sattar, who is professor and honorary consultant in cardiovascular and medical sciences at the University of Glasgow (Scotland), also observed that “as night follows day, glycemic improvements follow weight loss.” So, did the glycemic parameters improve purely because of the weight loss? While there is some preclinical evidence that lorcaserin may have an effect outside of its weight-lowering effects, Dr. Sattar felt this was unlikely to be clinically significant in itself.
“Obesity is probably the biggest challenge we have in the medical profession. We’ve got excellent cholesterol-lowering, blood pressure–lowering, and diabetes drugs. Yet obesity and complications are rising worldwide” and “safe weight-loss drugs remain sparse,” Dr. Sattar said.
He suggested that lorcaserin may well have an adjunctive place in the current treatment paradigm, but that place is probably “down the line” after other measures with greater weight-reducing effects or proven cardiovascular benefits were used. Not only are lifestyle modification approaches improving, Dr. Sattar said, but there are also over-the-counter options such as orlistat (Xenical), metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagonlike peptide receptor–1 agonists, and bariatric surgery that are likely to be used first.
“This is a fantastically well done trial, we needed it,” Dr. Sattar said. However, because there was modest weight loss and no real cardiovascular benefit (but also no cardiovascular safety concern) he called the results “a bust” saying that “we have to take them at face value for what they are.”
Dr. Sattar noted that his “gut feeling at the moment is that the clinical role for lorcaserin is probably, at best, a down-the-line adjunct in those who are still obese for additional weight reduction on top of other drugs and lifestyle modifications, particularly in those who are ‘super responders.’ ” This is so long as the safety signals remain strong and there are quality of life benefits, he added.
The study was designed by the TIMI Study Group in conjunction with the executive committee and the trial sponsor, Eisai. Dr. Bohula May and Dr. Scirica reported receiving grants from Eisai, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Sattar reported grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim, and being part of an advisory board or speaker’s bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi.
SOURCES: Bohula May EA et al. Lancet. 2018 Oct 4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32328-6; Bohula May EA et al. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379:1107-17; Sattar N. EASD 2018, Session S33.
REPORTING FROM EASD 2018
Key clinical point: Lorcaserin is an adjunctive treatment to lifestyle modification for chronic weight management that may improve metabolic health.
Major finding: A total of 8.5% of lorcaserin-treated individuals with prediabetes versus 10.3% of placebo-treated individuals developed incident type 2 diabetes mellitus at 1 year (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.99; P = .038).
Study details: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 12,000 overweight or obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease, established or no type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Disclosures: The study was designed by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study Group in conjunction with the executive committee and the trial sponsor, Eisai. Dr. Bohula May and Dr. Scirica reported receiving grants from Eisai, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Sattar reported grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim and being part of an advisory board or speaker’s bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi.
Sources: Bohula May EA et al. Lancet. 2018. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32328-6; Bohula May EA et al. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1107-17; Sattar N. EASD 2018, Session S33.